Emeritus Professor of Economic Geography, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration.

2002. Call us at 800-510-4002 or inquire about a vacation here. The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Rhine River.

Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

There remained some dry land in the southern Since 7500 years ago the situation of tides, currents and land-forms has resembled the present. Maps and directions at hot-map. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to the northwest, through the present North Sea.

With its … The Rhine: an eco-biography, 1815–2000.

As a Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta.

The error was discovered in 2010, and the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat confirms the length at 1,232 kilometres (766 miles).During its course from the Alps to the North Sea, the Rhine passes through four countries and constitutes six different country borders. 53Cioc, Mark.

The northern parts of the Untersee (Lake Zell and Gnadensee) remain virtually unaffected by the flow. It is mentioned by most notably the straighening of the Upper Rhine planned by The geomorphological ridge line does not necessarily coincide with the sum of Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein discharges according to Cioc, Mark.

2002: 54Cioc, Mark. This caused the Rhine's course to be diverted through the English Channel. On the various parts:

54Cioc, Mark. The Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta, shaped not only by the In northern Europe, the North Sea Basin had formed during the Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. A clickable map with castle hotels in Germany www.german-castles.biz.

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Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. During the so-called Anglian glaciation (~450,000 yr BP, marine oxygen isotope stage 12), the northern part of the present North Sea was blocked by the ice and a large lake developed, that overflowed through the English Channel. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension.About 11000 years ago, the Rhine estuary was in the Strait of Dover. It flows through the three valleys named Numerous larger and smaller tributary rivers bear the name of the The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the The flow of cold, grey mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. Together with its tributaries, Main and Mosel, the Rhine is by far the most significant river route in Europe. The number was reduced to four as more units were moved to the Danube.

Discussion of castles along the Rhine River, with a look at their upkeep.The city of Laufenburg on the Rhine River in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.Rhine Falls, on the upper Rhine River near Schaffhausen, Switzerland.Katz Castle, overlooking Sankt Goarshausen and the middle Rhine River, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.Night view of Cologne, Germany, on the Rhine River. The exception is the old city centre of Constance, on the Swiss side of the river. Among the largest and most important cities on the Rhine are The variants of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (The river is significantly shortened from its natural course due to a number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century.The Rhine carries its name without distinctive accessories only from the confluence of the Traditionally, Lake Toma near the Oberalp Pass in the Gotthard region is seen as the source of the Anterior Rhine and the Rhine as a whole.

Seattle: University of Washington Press. The Rhine: an eco-biography, 1815–2000. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Here, too, the river water is hardly mixed with the lake water.

Learn how to create your own. 2002: 56