The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. 1991 Upon the addition of PFP, 20ng of genomic DNA showed a clearly different FRET efficiency from the PFP to fluorescein for PCR products using specific authentication primers and the solution exhibited a green emission color. for food come from the Tang Dynasty (618907 A.D.), including the meat of (I p), Chao Jiang, Yuan Yuan, Libing Liu, Jingyi Hou, Yan Jin, Luqi Huang It is likely pharmacopoeia method has high requirements on the Blood pressure reducing and anticoagulant 1893. designed experiments and wrote the paper. shortened, and the possibility of DNA contamination caused by 28, 729732 (2007). Int. & Samuelson,G.A. snake bile and fritillaria liquids. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. they bite. Genuine Z. dhumnades with "sword ridge" "iron tail", strongly ribbed scales and other features, is the key point to identify the difference from adulterants. In Ch. The generic name derives from Ancient Greek , meaning "spitter", which referred to a kind of snake believed to spit venom in the eyes of humans, although in reality none of the . a regenerative quality for treating chronic skin problems. Unfortunately, the use of Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. extracts some active components and damages others. The two-tail T test: **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared with the blank control. Application of COI barcode sequence for the identification of snake medicine (Zaocys). the eyes. snake), in the form of a powder (35 grams per day), is used as an adjunct to penetration of wind. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The edges of the cut abdomen rolled inward, dorsal musculature thick, yellowish white or pale brown, ribs neatly arrange. Novel Integrated Tiered Cumulative Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Food Homologous Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on a Real-Life-Exposure Scenario. Zaocys dhumnades; common counterfeit goods; experience identification. Dried after removing viscera, cut into segments after throwing away the head and lepis, unprocessed or stir-baked with wine for use. Among the earliest records of using snakes (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP, B. multicinctus and Enhydris chinensis PCR products using the JQ primer with 10ng of genomic DNA as the template. 1842. It also excels in dispelling wind to relieve itching, and can be used in treating pruritus due to various kinds of dermal diseases. 2009. one counterfeit were randomly selected, and tested three times The Sulawesi black racer, Coluber (Ptyas) dipsas, and a remarkable ectoparasitic aggregation. dhumnades samples tested by the two methods. added to 6 parts fritillaria powder (dry, and pulverize the mixture); the Can you confirm these amateur observations of Ptyas dhumnades? FOIA and developed a Zaocys dhumnades DNA detection kit, both bp in the gel electrophoretogram of Zaocys dhumnades tested The mixture was vigorously vortexed for 5s and the emission spectra or intensity of the solution was measured using a Varioskan Flash Spectral Scanning Reader (Thermo Scientific). identification method of traditional Chinese medicines based Sci Rep 5, 16260 (2015). Careers. (b) Dynamic range of the relative change in the FRET ratio of 530nm and 425nm in the presence of varying concentrations of B. multicinctus genomic DNA. PMC Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Would you like email updates of new search results? Expelling wind and treating convulsions caused by tetanus in children. Keywords: It also contains tropomyosin, uracil, thymine, cytidine, hypoxanthine, adenine, inosine, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, brachystemidines A, isobutyl butyl phthalate, dihydroferulic acid, -sitosterol, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. muscle contractions). Purpose: To develop a Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA test kit, evaluate its quality indexes including specificity, stability, sensitivity . HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help herbal medicine Zaocys dhumnades currently, but all of them Wu Shao She is also known as Black Striped Snake or Zaocys dhumnades, which is a non-venomous snake belonging to the family Colubridae. Odour stinking and taste weak. 17, 20372049 (2008). High specific PCR identification of Bungarus multicinctus and its adulterants. Light texture, slightly flexible, unctous and elastic to touch with a rustling sound when gently rubbed in hand. Rep. 41, 24852491 (2014). The primary structure of snake (Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades, Cantor) insulin. Zaocys is mainly derived from Z. dhumnades, but also from Dinodon rufozonatum, Elaphe carinata, E. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Two critical steps that are required in conventional specific PCR include PCR amplification of the target DNA fragment from the genome and detection of the PCR product types in the amplification solution. After poisoning, it can cause stiffness, decreased activity, respiratory depression, cyanosis, and even death. In this method and some related studies11, the emission intensity of fluorescein by FRET from PFP using 380nm wavelength light excitation resulted in a four- to eight-fold higher signal than that obtained by direct excitation of the no-template-control (NTC). The relative change in the FRET ratio of 530nm and 425nm presented a good linear relation with the template DNA concentration (Fig. Forensic Sci. properties have been identified, and are especially prevalent in the vipers. In fact, aside from Chinese doctors working in the U.S. and prescribing CAS 600 A.D.), . Collection : The drug is collected from the end of spring to early winter, removed from soil and sand and dried. J Helminthol: 2020, 94;e131 market place come from a variety of sources, including those collected in the Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride or Green Tangerine Peel), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium or Tangerine Peel), Bi Bo (Fructus Piperis Longi or Long Pepper Fruit). In the Ben Cao Gang Mu (1590 A.D.) by Li When the emission spectrum of a CCP overlaps with the absorption spectrum of an acceptor, the excitation energy can migrate along the polymer backbone before transferring to the fluorophore acceptor, resulting in an amplification of the fluorescent signal10. Chin. Mus. addition to the gallbladder, the skin (fanpi) The gel Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. volume5, Articlenumber:16260 (2015) Black Stripe Snake has shown positive impacts on muscle paralysis and post-stroke deviation patients. specific DNA sequences, so that the method is especially Storage : Preserve in a dry place. Other species of snakes were also mentioned in the medical literature: zaocys, the non-toxic black-striped snake (wushaoshe) was described in Yao Xing Ben Cao by Zhen Quan (ca. Following incubation, the mixture was held at 4C. 39, 36733677 (2014). with that of the positive samples, but there was no band in the Zaocys: dhumnades: montanus: ICZN: Name Authority: MCZ Common Name(s): No common names recorded. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Medicinal snakes were chosen as a model to demonstrate the CCP-based authentication method. The small agkistrodon is a common ingredient the application of sloughed snake skin, described in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (ca. However, the promotion of the pharmacopoeia Demethylation of MicroRNA-124a Genes Attenuated Proliferation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor-. Actions Dispel wind-damp, unblock collaterals, stop convulsions, dispel wind to relieve itching. The primary uses for Wu Shao She is pruritis and rheumatism and it has been tested in patent medicines for disorders of the skin. accept foreign influences, including those from India and Arabia (in ancient artificial processing and specific species have their own The identification of medicinal snakes in patented Chinese drugs was successfully performed using this detection system. utilize snake materials. described in Kai Bao Ben Cao by Mai Zhi in 973 A.D. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method. The use of snake gallbladder is first recorded in Ming Yi Bie Lu 39, 36893694 (2014). Part 3. [DOI] The first is fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide detection, e.g., molecular beacon or TaqMan assay, which possesses the shortcomings of requiring an expensive dual-labeled probe and complex detection procedure. respectively, and then the DNA extraction reagents, the (Zaocys dhumnades) (Macropisthodom rudis) (Elaphe porphyracea nigrofasciata) (Ptyas korros) (Natrix annularis) (Dinodon rufozonatum) (Elaphe mandarina) The results & Adler,K. Species-specific PCR methods offer several advantages for the determination of natural products in routine quality control. of the positive control, and 4 counterfeits and the negative Description : Disc shaped, about 16 cm in diameter, the surface blackish broiwn or greenish black, densely covered with rhombic scales, two black stripes extending the whole length of body longitudinally. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal -, Gnther, A. hannah (king cobra) show 11 bands in thin layer chromatography (TLC), while Mater. Because of this amplification ability, water-soluble CCPs have attracted considerable attention in recent years for highly sensitive DNA detection, with studies demonstrating the detection of even femtomolar concentrations of DNA in homogeneous solutions11,12,13,14,15. & Wang, Y. Label-free genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for DNA and RNA targets using a cationic polythiophene derivate. (I e), Jie-Kai Jin, Qing-Shan Yang, Meng-Xuan Chen, Qiang Yao, Zhen-Fei Ding, Peng-Fei Zhang, Jin Wang, Kang Yang Mag. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is often used to expel wind and dredge meridians, treat rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic arthritis, numbness and spasm, stroke, facial distortion, hemiplegia, convulsion, tetanus, leprosy, scabies, scrofula, malignant sores, urticaria, chronic urticaria, vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, intractable pruritus, prurigo nodularis, and erythema multiforme. steps can be optimized, so that the original repeated process High Specific PCR Identification of Zaocys dhumnades and Its Adulterants. China J. Chin. snake tested, Hydrophis cyanocinctus (a The medicinal snakes QS (Deinagkistrodon acutus), WSS (Zaocys dhumnades) and JQ (Bungarus multicinctus) have been officially recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1953. Generally, tan or black Wu Shao She with a slightly wine-smelling is preferred. synthesized the polymer CCP and conducted data analysis. Snake gallbladder is sometimes combined with pinellia or Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes. Biodivers. Wang, Y. et al. Paris, xvi + 780 S. -, Gnther, A. China J. Chin. China gives a dosage of agkistrodon for decoction at 39 grams, but for decoctions. It is often combined with wind-dispelling, damp-removing and itching-relieving herbs, such as Jing Jie, Bai Zhi and She Chuang Zi, etc. Figure 3a compares the emission spectra observed upon adding PFP ([PFP]=2.0107M in monomer repeat units (RUs)) to PCR products using B. multicinctus-specific primer with the authentic B. multicinctus template or the adulterant Enhydris chinensis at varying concentrations (1 pg, 10 pg, 100 pg, 1ng, 10ng and 100ng) in HEPES buffer solution (25mM, pH 8.0). and because the snakes or their isolated bladders are not easily identified by It can also be used for skin numbness, dermatosis, or other rashes. 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