1 and 2 Maccabees tell the same story in two different ways. The name Maccabee, probably meaning "hammer," is actually applied in the Books of Maccabees to only one man, Judas, third son of the priest Mattathias and first leader of the revolt against the Seleucid kings who persecuted the Jews (1 Mc 2:4, 66; 2 Mc 8:5, 16; 10:1, 16).Traditionally the name has come to be extended to the brothers of Judas, his supporters . This history includes battles with Antiochus IV and his son. The sacred writers purpose is to build up the morale of the Jews. Chapter 2 1 1 In those days Mattathias, son of John, son of Simeon, a priest of the family of Joarib, left Jerusalem and settled in Modein. And the women that had circumcised their children they put to death according to the commandment. VERSE 38. Omissions? In general, its chronology coheres with that of I Maccabees. In fact, it is "a thoroughgoing pro-Hasmonean . 6 summary 1 john chapter 5 usccb irregulars chapter 5 1 mangakakalot com family affair vol 1 chapter 5 w mangairo com 1 maccabees chapter 5 usccb chapter 5 determining income and calculating rent 5 1 hard times book the first sowing chapters 5 8 summary ch 5 where s all my stuff the witcher gamefaqs jane eyre volume 1 chapter 5 shmoop chapter . Jonathan A. Goldstein argues that the book was not imitative of older scriptures merely in linguistic style, but also in content; that is, the author adjusted or invented events to make them fit Biblical parallels better.[51]. The 1643 Westminster Confession says that the books "are of no authority in the Church of God, not to be any otherwise approved", for example. VERSE 41. [50] He also cites the fact that it makes various "admissions against interest" such as openly describing rebel military defeats, unlike 2 Maccabees which obscures or omits such matters. It tells the story of how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress Temple worship and to destroy the practice of Jewish law. [44] For the author, bold military action while living is the proper response to oppression. Some Jews went along with the changes. According to 1 Maccabees, there were some early groups of Jewish rebels who refused to fight on the Sabbath, and perished accordingly (1 Maccabees 2:29-38) until the Maccabean patriarch Mattathias decided to change the law and permit defensive warfare on the Sabbath (2:39-41). 1 Maccabees is the most extensive source of information on events in Judea from 175 to 135. Hardcover; 9780300159936; Published: Tuesday, 26 Apr 2022; $85.00. Editor's note: The following homily delivered by the Reverend Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Ph.D, S.T.D., on 1 August 2017, commemoration of the Holy Maccabees (Extraordinary Form) at the Church of . II Maccabees focuses on the Jews' revolt against Antiochus and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 bce by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work. It tells how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress the practice of basic Jewish law, resulting in the Maccabean Revolt. He either used or reconstructed primary sources such as letters, poetic accounts, and possibly court histories. We will be talking about events that happened in the second century, which took place in Judea located in the Syrian empire. they chose to die. An unknown editor, the Epitomist, used the factual notes of a historian, Jason of Cyrene, to write this historical polemic. If it really was originally written in Greek, then the author was intentionally imitating Hebrew style in Greek. His severest condemnation goes, not to the Seleucid politicians, but to the lawless apostates among his own people, adversaries of Judas and his brothers, who are models of faith and loyalty. I Maccabees is the only contemporary source for the civil wars in Judaea, and the only surviving one for Judaean-Syrian relations after the reign of Antiochus IV. Compare 1 Maccabees 10:65. By the end of the war, Simon was the only one of the five sons of Mattathias to survive and he ushered in an 80-year period of Jewish . This caused the Maccabean revolt, led by Mattathias and his sons. And they got possession of the strong cities in the land of Egypt; and he took the spoils of Egypt. Werner Kappler[de] published a critical edition of the Greek text in 1936, an eclectic compilation of the various surviving manuscripts and the best construction of the original text. That is, about 170 BC. 2 Kings. Throughout the early Christian period, IV Maccabees was wrongly attributed to Josephus. What did it mean to be Jewish in a predominantly Greek culture? VERSE 2. In an effort to enforce unity, he attempts to suppress the public observance of Jewish religious laws. He relented after angels intervened on behalf of the Jews. 1 After Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeateda King Darius of the Persians and the Medes, he succeeded him as king. The Maccabees then ruled over Israel, first as High Priests and then as High Priests and Princes of Israel. He and his three sons begin a military campaign against them, the vicissitudes of which are described in detail. 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book written by a Jewish author and included in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canons of the Bible. VERSE 1. [1], The author of 1 Maccabees is anonymous and unknown. Simon follows Jonathan as the next Jewish leader "in place of Judas and your brother Jonathan",[34] taking on civil, military and liturgical roles: "great high priest, governor, and leader of the Jews". 1-2 Thessalonians. In any case, the name later came to be used for Judah's brothers as as a family name, as well as to each of the books of "Maccabee. The title of 1 and 2 Maccabees is taken from the surname of Judas (1 Mace. The author propagates "Hasmonean propaganda" in the sense of upholding the righteousness of the Hasmoneans and their just claim to rule the Hasmonean kingdom. VERSE 43. and many of Israel consented to his worship, and sacrificed to the idols, and profaned the Sabbath. According to the text, some Jewish men even engaged in foreskin restoration in order to pass as fully Greek. Alternatively, Maccabee also might have been derived from the battle cry of the revolt, Mi Kamocha B'elim, YHWH ("Who is like you among the heavenly powers, YHWH!! Do a bit of research on Hanukkah and talk what you have learnt about this very important Jewish festival. In the first chapter, Alexander the Great conquers the territory of Judea, and is later succeeded by the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes. This page was last edited on 16 October 2020, at 19:27. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=1_Maccabees&oldid=1044072, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. 1 and 2 Maccabees are stories that reflect on oppression and resistance. [21][22] The English equivalent would be writing new books in the style of the King James Version. VERSE 56. They establish a gymnasium, where men socialized in the nude. Naturally, any account of the war of liberation led by Judas Maccabeus would have this effect and would show that victory was due to Gods powerful aid (2:19-22). Chapter 6 reports the last days of Antiochus Epiphanes and the accession of his young son Antiochus V Eupator to the throne. The Greeks recognize him as high priest, but like Judas, he finds himself caught between competing Greek kings who are engaged in their own civil war for control of the Seleucid Empire. It was portrayed as a center of athletic and intellectual life. The Book: 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible which was written by a Jewish (pre-Christian) author, probably about 100 BC, after the restoration of an independent Jewish kingdom. Christian tradition venerates these seven brothers as martyrs, and churches were dedicated to them in Antioch, Rome, Lyons, and Vienne. During the Protestant Reformation, the book (along with other books in the Catholic deuterocanon) was classed as biblical apocrypha in Protestantism, material useful for background but not canonical. Unsure of the meaning of a word or phrase in the Bible? 2 Maccabees is harder to date but many scholars locate it in the early first century bc. The big question from this period is the question of self-definition. There are seven poetic sections in the book that imitate the style of classical Hebrew poetry: four laments (1:2528, 3640; 2:713; 3:45), and three hymns of praise of our fathers (2:5164), of Judas (3:39), and of Simon (14:415). When Mattathias died (c. 166 bc), his son Judas Maccabaeus recaptured Jerusalem and reconsecrated the temple, an event celebrated in the holiday Hanukkah. It promotes commitment to Gods covenant as the path to prosperity, and the doctrine of the resurrection of the body. Ptolemy supposedly threatened the Jews with loss of citizenship after Palestinian Jews refused to permit him to enter the sanctuary of the Temple of Jerusalem. Eusebius, in his book Church History, quotes Origen of Alexandria who says the original title of the work was Sarbth Sarbanael,[note 3] an enigmatic Greek transliteration from a putative Hebrew original title. Though initially hailed as liberators, the Selucid family wasted no time in leaving their mark upon Judea. VERSE 2. Antiochus persecutes the Jewish people. 1 and 2 Maccabees reflect on this question in slightly different ways. [67] and Knox Bible.[68]. It also asserts the resurrection of the just and tells us what we need to know about the fate of the unjust (7:9, 14,23,29; 14:46). Help me reach the world for the Lord Jesus Christ. the hundred and forty and fifth year. 4:59). They are in the Public Domain. In the book itself, "Maccabee" is used solely as a personal title for Judah Maccabee (Latinized as Judas Maccabeus). His brother Simon succeeds him in 142 B.C.E., receiving the double office of high priest and ruler of Israel (1 Maccabees 14:41). After Jesus redeemed mankind by dying on the cross, the just of the Old Testament were enabled to enter heaven, and thus the ancient people of God became the new Israel, which is the Church. The people, in turn, must worship the Lord alone and observe exactly the precepts of the law given to them. The rise of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. [14][15] Various reconstructions have been proposed: Gustaf Dalman, meanwhile, suggests that the title is a corruption of the Aramaic "The Book of the House of the Hasmoneans". Another explanation concerns the different origins of the books. But he also wants to show that Gods purpose in permitting persecution is to discipline the Jews in order that he may not take vengeance on us afterwards when our sins have reached their height (6:12-17). (He had previously become king of Greece.) These two books tell you a lot about Jewish self-definition in the second and first century bc. In 168 BC, he desecrates the Temple by setting up an "abomination of desolation" (establishing rites of pagan observance in the Temple, or sacrificing an unclean animal on the altar in the Holy of Holies). Greece. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. The doctrine expressed in the book is the customary belief of Israel, without the new developments which appear in 2Maccabees and Daniel. As far as the dates of composition are concerned, these can be taken as approximately 100 B.C. It is not permitted to do evil that good may result. to the death of Simeon the Hasmonean (135 B.C.E.). The narrative is primarily prose text, but is interrupted by seven poetic sections, which imitate classical Hebrew poetry. 1 Maccabees was probably written in Hebrew originally. Demetrius' death is reported in 1 Maccabees 10:50, and Ptolemy VI Philometor and Alexander Balas, claimant to the Seleucid throne, enter into an agreement under which Alexander marries Cleopatra Thea, Ptolemy's daughter (1 Maccabees 10:58). 1 In those days Mattathias, son of John, son of Simeon, a priest of the family of Joarib, left Jerusalem and settled in Modein. And on the fifteenth day of Chislev, in the hundred and forty and fifth year, they built an abomination of desolation upon the altar, and in the cities of Judah on every side they built idol altars. In 1 Maccabees, those dissatisfied with the Hasmoneans "hated their nation"[39] as a whole; the Hasmoneans were equated with Judea itself. Her sanctuary was laid waste like a wilderness, her feasts were turned into mourning, her Sabbaths into reproach, her honor into contempt. They will not sin in order to save their lives. [33], Proposed alliances with Rome and with Areus of Sparta are covered in 1 Maccabees 12:123. Acts 4 (King James Version) 1 And as they spake unto the people, the priests, and the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees, came upon them, 2 Being grieved that they taught the people, and preached through Jesus the resurrection from the dead. VERSE 46. and pollute the sanctuary and those who were holy; VERSE 47. that they should build altars, and temples, and shrines for idols, and should sacrifice swines flesh and unclean beasts: VERSE 48. and that they should leave their sons uncircumcised, that they should make their souls abominable with all manner of uncleanness and profanation; VERSE 49. so that they might forget the law, and change all the ordinances. Snow Crash Summary. his heart was lifted up. George Leo Haydock. This was a village twenty miles northwest of Jerusalem. However, after successfully invading the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt, Antiochus IV enters Jerusalem and removes the sacred objects from the Temple. Corrections? Alexander the Great. And they built the city of David with a great and strong wall, with strong towers, and it became to them a citadel. Proverbs 16:18. The Ptolemy kingdom was founded by Ptolemy I, the son of a Macedonian nobleman. "Exodus ch. The author was an enthusiastic a supporter of the Maccabees who shows little sympathy with either their Jewish or Greek opponents. And after two full years the king sent a chief collector of tribute to the cities of Judah, and he came to Jerusalem with a great multitude. Unless otherwise noted, all Bible quotations on this page are from the World English Bible and the World Messianic Edition. Aristobulus I, the son of John Hyrcanus, was the first to add the title of king to that of chief priest. [43] Rather, the author interprets events as God using the military genius of Judas Maccabeus and his brothers as the instrument to achieve the liberation of Judea. When war broke out between these two brothers the Romans intervened, took Jerusalem and brought the monarchy to an end. 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