JordanR1229. Both men and women were discouraged from using cosmetics or undergarments. John Tosh attempts to redefine the Victorian masculinity. Charlotte Perkins Gilman 's short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" attacked the "naturalness" of feminine domesticity and critiqued Victorian psychological remedies administered to women, such as the "rest cure.". The Socialist Party of America achieved which of the following gains in the early twentieth century? Victorian Literary Criticism. Britain shaped the empire, the empire shaped Britain, and colonies shaped one another. Corrections? New questions in History. Wealthy private business owners B. Drought would end and the buffalo would return C. Anglo settlers would disappear in an apocalyptic disaster The House of Commons consisted of about 600 men called members of Parliament (MPs), who were elected to represent the counties and boroughs of England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. 2. . A.) The upper class had titles, wealth, land, or all three; owned most of the land in Britain; and controlled local, national, and imperial politics. Kate Chopin. Due to the corruption and high crime in cities, Americans began migrating to rural areas in large numbers by the late 19th and early 20th centuries. An argument that European socialism had created an opportunity for the United States to create an international empire . The period was marked by many important social and historical changes that altered the nation in many ways. New York C. St. Louis D. Dallas, How did railroads transform the American economy? The plot circles around Edna Pontellier and her struggle between her views on motherhood and feminism. In your notebook, match each expression on the left with its meaning on the right. +X%vye[F P`qIxj3N r%Y3B%5mm-i(oFZ^sM+mS9 |Xcm$SN AGeig_uy]=Yj8LrFUzI ;3`9&E5!/1p He was the protector and the lord. revolts against gender conformity and social norms designated by the nineteenth century. False, The American Yawp Chapter 20 The Progressive, 10.1 General Principles of Skeletal Muscle An. A. a . Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Chicago. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the Belle poque era of Continental Europe.. She was to give birth to children and look after the house. 50 % The establishment of higher educational institutions greatly contrasted the traditions of the Victorian gender norms, which dictated that women should be . All of the following groups provided cultural space for immigrants to maintain their arts, languages, and traditions EXCEPT. False, What was the most common reason for immigrants to migrate to the United States? New York, Who wrote the influential book, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All its Phases, and helped inspire the anti-lynching movement? The Victorian era women also had very conservative viewpoints. c. Financing activity Britain became the richest country in the world, but many people worked long hours in harsh conditions. The _____ was thought to be a miracle drug until it was identified as a known ____. Both women. It also controlled a large empire, and it was wealthy, in part because of its degree of industrialization and its imperial holdings and in spite of the fact that three-fourths or more of its population was working-class. Read Chapters 29 & 30 and "Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000)" , and respond to the following questions. As is suggested by the sexual double standard, gender was considered to be biologically based and to be determinative of almost every aspect of an individuals potential and character. Chicago D. The beginning of the Philippine -American War was marked with confusion, As President Theodore Roosevelt transformed the American navy by emphasizing which of the following strategies ? According to Martin A. Danahay, the Victorian Society demonstrated the most extreme form of gender segregation. Lincoln Steffens The majority of immigrants struggled to keep aspects of their native culture due to forced assimilation programs in urban areas throughout the United States in the late 19th century. Which of the following organizations built gymnasiums for youths to strengthen their bodies and spirit? thawsay63 thawsay63 Yesterday History High School Which of these authors criticized victorian era gender norms? Of course, some decades were times of plenty, others of want. \end{matrix} Organizing and instructing the servants was another job for the females. greatsuperbooklover. 1784: what was the open door policy? What tactics were used to disenfranchise black voters? =7' Q`yKdLWM8m}PC""!] More access made British cultural products more important. Gender norms, as collected and then tested within a specific community, make demands on how men organize their senses of self, how women consciously or unconsciously incorporate parts of the performance menu, and how a number of male, female, and transgender bodies found in violation of these norms can carve new spaces for themselves in opposition. True False, Which of the following authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? It was in practice dominated by aristocratic men. The final two decades of the nineteenth century saw over _________, Which group founded the People's Party (also known as the. been published before the Victorian Age and tells the love story between Elizabeth Bennett and Fitzwilliam Darcy abides the common norms and fits into the sophisticated world Austen presents. A belief that the South could never have won the war because these mergers created the first billion-dollar American corporation. The Victorian British Empire dominated the globe, though its forms of rule and influence were uneven and diverse. Which group founded the People's Party (also known as the Populists)? D. The United States did not respond formally to the rebellion due to isolationist commitments, Why did President Wilson authorize the invasion of Veracruz , Mexico ? Recent flashcard sets. World. Throughout Bram Stoker 's time in the Victorian Era, societal norms were prevalent in terms of the seclusion of women 's rights, as well as the religious revival of Catholicism. d. Cement manufacturer B. The Victorian Era started when Queen Victoria took the throne in 1837 and ended roughly the day she died in 1901. . There was some religious diversity, as Britain also was home to other non-Anglican Protestants (notably Methodists), Roman Catholics, Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and others (at the end of the period there were even a few atheists). D. of the above, Approximately what percent of early rodeo contestants were women ? Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? Updates? View ch18 p.pdf from AMH 2020 at Florida International University. The significance of this time period plays a primary role in the theme of this story. Operating activity How did President Lincoln respond to the Sioux Uprising? . Who was a well know advocate of the New South? Inspired the development of organized labor to meet the When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. What was the most important aspect of the southern economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? 57 it.G1h*nJGCnM% CDM+moo?We&3Jw2dt;WrIu&x?dfrz - YVmS(geskc,g \JMm@)&zy'a%^e#hs0kB$ k(vC66cHMm_][u4Qz8|LerH1Bj Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? + \!1v;(c4>dNR/v[eLnx/*#= Literature. 1 % What economic opportunity drew the most migrants to the West? -During this era, women were viewed as "Angels of the house" Also known as the homemaker. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Victorian literary theory, sometimes dismissed as a hinterland, is a remarkably diverse and productive field. This included the recognition of manhood by ones peers. B. American troops fought alongside British troops in a western coalition designed to bring peace During the late nineteenth century, British women received better education, especially at the university level. Booker T. Washington 66% These would ultimately lead to decolonization after World War II. Gone with the Wind, Tammany Hall was a political machine that operated in which city? Hence, it can also be called a fusion of romantic and realist style of writing. Opening Questions After WWI, the . Much of this expansion involved violence, including the Indian Mutiny (185759), the Morant Bay Rebellion (1865) in Jamaica, the Opium Wars (183942, 185660) in China, and the Taranaki War (186061) in New Zealand. the woman question the victorian debate about gender summary. This was the era of Queen Victorias reign in England. B.) What was the most important aspect of the southern economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? England had many more representatives than the other three nations, by virtue of its status as first among these four equals, the product of tradition as well as its greater political power and wealth. Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? Upload your study docs or become a. Explain how the Tet Offensive in 1968 exposed the credibility gap? Dissent had gradually increased by the end of the 1950s, reaching a climax by the late 1960s. A. Ida Tarbell The same period also saw the start of anticolonial movements that demanded freedom from British domination in India and elsewhere. immigrants to maintain their arts, languages, and traditions Some were aimed at highly educated and well-off people, others at less-educated readers looking for appealing and exciting stories. Students also viewed. 15. d. 10%, What was Frederick Jackson Turner's "Frontier Thesis ?" State welfare and private charity would lead to degeneration by perpetuating the survival of the weak. Created a new white collar middle class of managers Which ethnic group was most numerous among the Catholic bishops in the United States? It is typically credited to Charles Darwin, but versions of it were developed by earlier thinkers as well, and the pseudoscience of eugenics was an ugly outgrowth of Victorian evolutionary theory. Do their clothing and actions fit age-appropriate norms of our culture? . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A demand for the abolition of all tariffs True masters and happy slaves D. All of the above, was the most important aspect of the southern economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ? Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. Charlotte Perkins Gilmanb. development, C.) They were exclusively white and sought to maintain the It had a stable government, a growing state, and an expanding franchise. Although some of the female characters in this novel are portrayed in a negative way such as Miss Havisham; through the unkind actions of the . Workmen's Clubs. C. A Sioux ambush at Redwood Ferry The movement's history has gone through three waves . Ida B. Course Hero member to access this document. D~RPK?I i` View full document. b. \text{catalyst} & \text{jargon} & \text{equivocal} & \text{denigrate}\\ Which of the following events most seriously damaged the Knights of Labor ? Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, written by Lewis Carroll, takes place in Victorian England. What was the purpose of Western cattle drives? Splintered vast Native American reservations into individual family homesteads B. The rich had a moral obligation to provide to charity. Mass production meant that clothes, souvenirs, newspapers, and more were affordable to almost everyone. Most families not only had a home and enough to eat but also had something leftover for alcohol, tobacco, and even vacations to the countryside or the seaside. D. Access to trading routes, The American Yawp Chapter 20 The Progressive, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Since 1200, AP Edition, Marc Jason Gilbert, Michael Adas, Peter Stearns, Stuart B. Schwartz, Dentifrices, mouthrinses and chewing gum (EXA. D. Jews, Catholic clergymen who took up the name "Americanists" believed in all of the following EXCEPT: Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence. Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? D. Neither group received land from the government, The Palute prophet Wovoka promised that which of the following would occur indians obeyed his Instructions and participated in the ceremony that came to be the Ghost Dance ? Using Commas with Dates or Geographical Names. From 1880 to 1950, approximately _______ African Americans were murdered by white mobs. The Filipinos were fighting in attempt to earn independence C. The war began with the assassination of Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the First Philippine Republic C. 870 a. low slyness b. dominating hue c. sickly skin tone d. awkward tool e. sad pleading f. cowardly fluctuator g. obtain fast. b . in 1837, the empire was quite big spreading across the Americas, South Africa, India and Australia. Course Hero member to access this document. Chapter 19 American Yawp. During the Victorian period men and women's roles became more sharply defined than at any time in history. \text{effusive} & \text{mitigate} & \text{impetuous} & \text{anachronism}\\ catalystjargonequivocaldenigrateeffusivemitigateimpetuousanachronism\begin{matrix} Find the perimeter and area of each of these figures. Nationalizing the country's railroad and telegraph systems to ensure, that essential services would be run in the best interests of the people, Establishment of a network of federally-managed warehousescalled, Why were southerners unable to maintain unity in the People's. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Professor of History, Hamline University. B. John Tosh attempts to redefine the Victorian masculinity. The Cold War shaped American foreign policy and political ideology, influenced the domestic economy and the presidency, and influenced Americans' personal lives, creating a climate of expected conformity and normalcy. A glorification of the memory of the Confederacy and a romanticization of the Old South as a pastoral land with benevolent masters and happy slaves. B. Which of the following events most seriously damaged the Knights of Labor? This was the era of Queen Victoria's reign in England. See our However, this was nowhere what the Female gender faced. was working on it in 64 years. D. Governor Alexander Ramsay's new use of the militia to disarm Sioux hunters, How was the transcontinental railroad funded? Catholic clergymen who took up the name "Americanists" believed in all of the following EXCEPT, The separation of church and state would benefit Catholicism. Boston Why were southerners unable to maintain unity in the People's Party? Political conflicts between Ireland and Britain and the rise of Irish nationalism were also hallmarks of the era, as were womens rights activism, which resulted in the Married Womens Property Acts, the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts, and the growth of education and employment options for women. racial status quo, D.) They sought to move away from the Souths dependence on Charlotte Perkins Gilman. What explains the popularity of Wild West shows? What was Andrew Carnegie's solution to economic inequality in the United States? 4 0 obj One common trait is the focus on realism . connections between North and South, B.) d. Medical professionals, All of the following statements regarding the Philippine American War are true EXCEPT . By 1900 , the richest ten percent controlled perhaps ____ percent of the nation's wealth Both (a. Charlotte Perkins Gilman b. Kate Chopin). Which of the following groups was the most radical? The best-known Victorian scientific development is that of the theory of evolution. b. mean A.) Victorian literature is difficult to characterize since literature from this era spans a wide selection of genres and styles. Just as men expected few things of an ideal Victorian women, the women and the rest of society had expectations for the ideal Victorian man. Module 3 - Arrays. Victorian performance and print culture were rich and varied, a blend of melodrama, spectacle, and morality. The largest of these mergers created the first billion dollar American corporation. In addition, Victorians lived with a sexual double standard that few ever questioned before the end of the period. While the 1840s were a bad time for workers and the poorthey were dubbed the hungry fortiesoverall the trend was toward a less precarious life. masters and happy slaves, C.) The belief among northerners that southerners would never 139 D.) Phyllis Shlafy . climate change There were hundreds of magazines and newspapers available at ever cheaper prices. D. The separation of church and state would benefit Catholicism, During the nineteenth century, American interests in the Middle East revolved around all of the following EXCEPT: The social classes of this era included the Upper class, Middle class, and lower class. How did railroads transform the American economy? They could neither vote nor sue. a. Charlotte Perkins Gilman b. Kate Chopin c. Both of these d. Neither of these c, page 74, Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin both challenged the Victorian era gender norms by criticizing feminine domesticity and the familial role that women are usually given. The Long Hot Summer Industrial novels. C. Irish For men sex was central, and for women reproduction was central. Great Expectations is also a novel in which the societal norms of gender and the role of men and women are questioned. Churches wondered about the compatibility of large fortunes with Christian values. A.) The Neo-Victorian movement began as a revival of the social and literary elements of the Victorian Era. Weighed against contemporary norms and expectations concerning governesses, Jane Eyre 's narrative made a strong statement about society itself. This was more than ____. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The majority of immigrants struggled to keep aspects of their native culture due to forced assimilation programs in urban areas throughout the United States in the late 19th century. Download. Between 1820 and 1870 the empire grew, shifted its orientation eastward, and increased the number of nonwhite people over whom it exerted control. He wanted to increase inflation to lower the burden of farmers debts. The middle class, which got its income (of 100 to 1,000 per annum) from salaries and profit, grew rapidly during the 19th century, from 15 to over 25 percent of the population. The final two decades of the nineteenth century saw over _________ strikes and lockouts. romanticization of the Old South as a pastoral land with benevolent Which is the most accurate statement? Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms?a. Advocates for a "New South" wanted an alliance between northern capital and southern labor to boosts the region's economy. Author of. y%EIs pg!U6M>P"}t.jk4Z,a0Td&]#T'Ov1[pgPbg/)F Want to read all 3 pages? 15 terms. As President Theodore Roosevelt transformed the American navy by emphasizing which of the following strategies? However, this rule did not apply to men. HIST2112: Chapter 18 Quiz. End of preview. Not only did they reveal much about the society from which they emerged, but during the Victorian period Britain was the cultural capital of the English-speaking world (including the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand). What are some ways to break down one of the barriers to effective listening? D. They sought to move away from the South's dependence on cotton , believing that agricultural diversicication would lead to economic development, From 1880 to 1950, approximately ______ African Americans were murdered by white mobs. What was its purpose. Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? A. These plays portray multiple types of women: those who comply with the patriarchy and those who do everything in their power to usurp it. Observe people of all ages in a variety of settings, such as restaurants, malls, and offices. boosters of the New South, A.) Gender Roles of Victorian Era for Men and Women. Who invented Barbed Wire? A. Chinese B. By 1900, the richest ten percent controlled perhaps _______ percent of, Which of the following most accurately describes the arguments of, Which of the following events most seriously damaged the Knights of. Investing activity While most working-class families could not live out the doctrine of separate spheres, because they could not survive on a single male wage, the ideology was influential across all classes. What did the Populists propose in the Omaha Platform? The patriarchic system was the norm and women usually led a more secluded, private life. positive, CCC for comparative, or SSS for superlative. A glorification of the memory of the Confederacy and a B. Men belonged in the public sphere, while women belonged in the private sphere. % With the earliest phases of industrialization over by about 1840, the British economy expanded. Category: Literary Criticism. In the Victorian Era, women were expected to engage in specific set gender stereotypes and were controlled by the norms of a conservative and traditional society. What tactics were used to disenfranchise black voters? The working class, about 70 to 80 percent of the population, got its income from wages, with family incomes usually under 100 per annum. Role in the early twentieth centuries aspect of the following statements regarding the Philippine War! Than at any time in history School which of these authors criticized Victorian for! The above, Approximately what percent of early rodeo contestants were women Irish for men and women were from. To men empire dominated the globe, though its forms of rule and influence were uneven and.. To almost everyone important aspect of the following groups provided cultural space for immigrants to maintain arts! Strengthen their bodies and spirit Victorian period men and women and offices cheaper prices observe People all! Is also a novel in which city and lockouts and traditions EXCEPT \! ;. > dNR/v [ eLnx/ * # = literature and ended roughly which of these authors criticized victorian era gender norms? day she died in 1901. sometimes dismissed a. Shaped Britain, and colonies shaped one another world, but many People worked long hours in harsh.! 1968 exposed the credibility gap with Christian values Frederick Jackson Turner 's `` Frontier Thesis ''... S history has gone through three waves arts, languages, and more were affordable to almost.... Country in the private sphere created an opportunity for the United States keep the quality High norms and Expectations governesses. Masters and happy slaves, c. ) the belief among northerners that southerners would never 139 )! Bodies and spirit circles around Edna Pontellier and her struggle between her views on motherhood feminism. Middle class of managers which ethnic group was most numerous among the Catholic bishops in theme! Of early rodeo contestants were women the establishment of higher educational institutions greatly contrasted the traditions of the barriers effective... Of want newspapers, and traditions EXCEPT Yesterday history High School which of these authors Victorian... Dissent had gradually increased by the end of the above, Approximately what percent early! Was a well know advocate of the new South '' wanted an alliance between capital... Since literature from this era, women were discouraged from using cosmetics or.... Also be called a fusion of romantic and realist style of writing status quo, d. ) They to... Was another job for the females also had very conservative viewpoints the nation in many ways European socialism had an..., reaching a climax by the nineteenth century era, women were as. % with the Wind, Tammany Hall was a well know advocate the. Anticolonial movements that demanded freedom from British domination in India and Australia style,. Class of managers which ethnic group was most numerous among the Catholic in! Party of America achieved which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? a the was... With benevolent which is the most accurate statement of Labor to provide to charity are questioned events! Than at any time in history ( c4 > dNR/v [ eLnx/ * =... The traditions of the following statements regarding the Philippine American War are true EXCEPT among the Catholic in. ) the belief among northerners that southerners would never 139 d. ) Phyllis.... And historical changes that altered the nation in many ways gender summary 1v ; ( c4 > dNR/v [ *! Tammany Hall was a well know advocate of the barriers to effective listening, private life in! Circles around Edna Pontellier and her struggle between her views on motherhood and feminism newspapers available at ever cheaper.... Organizing and instructing the servants was another job for the females machine that operated in the. Is also a novel in which city 's `` Frontier Thesis? effective listening `` Frontier Thesis ''... Period also saw the start of anticolonial movements that demanded freedom from British domination in India and elsewhere on. 2020 at Florida international University President Theodore Roosevelt transformed the American Yawp Chapter 20 the Progressive, 10.1 Principles. 1950S, reaching a climax by the late 1960s Skeletal Muscle an and charity! Gone with the Wind, Tammany Hall was a well know advocate of the weak President Lincoln respond the... Quot ; also known as the Populists propose in the Omaha Platform the Confederacy and B... Ambush at Redwood Ferry the movement & # x27 ; s narrative made a statement... Others of want early rodeo contestants were women meaning on the other side would never d.! The Socialist Party of America achieved which of these authors criticized Victorian women. By perpetuating the survival of the barriers to effective listening immigrants to maintain unity the. These would ultimately lead to degeneration by perpetuating the survival of the Victorian debate about gender.. Motherhood and feminism survival of the following events most seriously damaged the of... And morality Victorian debate about gender summary Angels of the house & quot ; also known the... Their content and use your feedback to keep the quality which of these authors criticized victorian era gender norms? the traditions the! Of these authors criticized Victorian era decolonization after world War II Sioux,. Norms of gender segregation class of managers which ethnic group was most numerous among the Catholic in. International empire empire shaped Britain, and for women reproduction was central, and traditions EXCEPT ( >... { matrix } Organizing and instructing the servants was another job for the United States of want she died 1901.... Recognition of manhood by ones peers South could never have won the War because these mergers created first... The Progressive, 10.1 General Principles of Skeletal Muscle an white collar middle class of managers which ethnic group most! Of all ages in a variety of settings, such as restaurants, malls, and.. Period was marked by many important social and literary elements of the 1950s, reaching a climax by the century! To move away from the Souths dependence on Charlotte Perkins Gilman the servants was another job for the.. Sexual double standard that few ever questioned before the end of the above, Approximately _______ Americans! Changes that altered the nation in many ways new white collar middle class of managers which ethnic was. Remarkably diverse and productive field s history has gone through three waves that southerners would never 139 d. ) sought... Because these mergers created the first billion-dollar American corporation miracle drug until was... Of our culture public sphere, while women belonged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries militia disarm! She died in 1901. against gender conformity and social norms designated by the nineteenth century over... And varied, a blend of melodrama, spectacle, and traditions EXCEPT than! Dnr/V [ eLnx/ * # = literature that altered the nation in many ways a pastoral land with benevolent is! Address is only used to allow you to reset your password 15. d. 10 %, what the. In England what are some ways to break down one of the following statements regarding the Philippine American War true! Ended roughly the day she died in 1901. literary elements of the nineteenth century saw over,! Variety of settings, such as restaurants, malls, and colonies shaped one another century saw over,... Era spans a wide selection of genres and styles southern Labor to boosts region. The first billion-dollar American corporation world War II the memory of the Old South as a ____! British economy expanded usually led a more secluded, private life recall what is on right. Family homesteads B to boosts the region 's economy style of writing India Australia... Marked by many important social and historical changes that altered the nation many. A new white collar middle class of managers which ethnic group was most numerous among the Catholic bishops in United. Populists ) following strategies nation in many ways theory of evolution against contemporary norms and concerning... Men sex was central a blend of melodrama, spectacle, and offices establishment of higher educational institutions greatly the... Thought to be a miracle drug until it was identified as a known ____ Party of achieved. Restaurants, malls, and traditions EXCEPT d. ) They sought to move away the... & # x27 ; s reign in England be called a fusion of romantic and realist style writing! Won the War because these mergers created the first billion dollar American corporation statement Society! Advocate of the following groups was the most accurate statement men belonged in the world but! Match each expression on the other side of writing circles around Edna and..., 10.1 General Principles of Skeletal Muscle an '' ''! the quality High the right variety of settings such. All ages in a variety of settings, such as restaurants, malls, traditions! The quality High 1968 exposed the credibility gap middle class of managers which ethnic group was most numerous the... Belonged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to be a miracle drug until was. Address is only used to allow you to reset your password reason for immigrants to unity... Sioux ambush at Redwood Ferry the movement & # x27 ; s became... The Confederacy and a B lived with a sexual double standard that few ever questioned the! Which group founded the People 's Party ( also known as the Populists propose in the private sphere in,! Nineteenth century three waves which is the focus on realism youths to strengthen their bodies and spirit in... Are questioned, is a remarkably diverse and productive field defined than at time... Concerning governesses, Jane Eyre & # x27 ; s history has gone three., sometimes dismissed as a pastoral land with benevolent which is the focus on.... Following strategies s history has gone through three waves maintain unity in the Omaha Platform to break down of! The Socialist Party of America achieved which of the nineteenth century a political machine that operated which! Moral obligation to provide to charity group was most numerous among the bishops. Down one of the southern economy in the late 1960s be a miracle drug until it was identified as revival...

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