Striped skunks, which had to be handled under heavy sedation, were sampled on days 1-3, 5, and 7, during which time 3 of the 6 infected animals shed virus orally, nasally, or both, and 1 animal shed < 7 dpi. The great horned owl, which lacks a well-developed sense of smell and apparently is not bothered by the skunks musk, is a predator. Their conspicuous black and white coloration warns of their best defense, the strong-smelling musk they spray to ward off threats. Striped Skunk males can breed at about 10 months of age, females at about 11 months. They are nocturnal animals (active mostly after dark). Important Links; NY Nature Explorer; PDF Help; For help with PDFs on this page, please call 518-402-8883.; Contact for this Page; Bureau of Wildlife 625 Broadway Albany, NY 12233-4754 518-402-8883 They prefer open areas, with abundant populations observed on agricultural lands. The common striped skunk is found from central Canada southward throughout the United States to northern Mexico. Mephitis macrourais the other New World species in the same genus, occurring primarily in Mexico and Central America;M. mephitisandM. macrouraranges overlap along a narrow strip of the U.S.-Mexico border in the southwest U.S., into northern Mexico. Captive breeding of skunks proved relatively simple when compared to mink and marten farming, as skunks are easier to tame and have less specialized dietary needs. Although skunks in New York retreat to winter dens and remain inactive for extended periods, they do not hibernate. Although it will forage for short periods in winter, it primarily depends on its fat reserves in cold weather, and can lose as much as 50% of its body weight. Striped and spotted skunks, which are both found in Mississippi, are among the most common and widely distributed mammals in North America. Skunks used to be hunted for their skins in the early 1900s, but demand decreased in the 1950s and 60s. Striped skunks are natives of North America and occur from northern Mexico to southern Canada. The long and sharp claws of a skunks forefeet are well-adapted to digging. Barton, H. D., and S. M. Wisely. They also can get and spread rabies and other wildlife diseases. Striped skunks were a staple of the fur trade into the 1950s, but low pelt . This is a raster map of striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) distribution in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Tail: 7.0 - 15. They are hunted and trapped for their pelts in Tennessee. They favor mixed woods and brushland, rolling weedy fields, fencerows, wooded ravines and rocky outcrops in or near agricultural areas. They have a long history of association with humans, having been trapped and captively bred for their fur[4] and kept as pets. During winter for extended periods, they are inactive but they do not truly hibernate. It is not unusual to see a female skunk with a line of little black and white copies following her across a damp pasture or lawn on an early July morning. Woodland Wildlife Spotlight: Striped Skunk, University of Maryland Extension on Facebook, University of Maryland Extension on Instagram, University of Maryland Extension on Twitter, University of Maryland Extension on Youtube, 2018-2023 College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Respect, instructions for how to enable JavaScript in your web browser. The skunk lives in a variety of habitats but prefers open areas. As members of the weasel family Mustelidae, they share the characteristics of a musky odor and well-developed scent glands. "Mephitis mephitis" (PDF). Gestation takes approximately two months, so that by May a female is caring for an average litter of five or six young. When you become a member, you also receive exclusive benefits, like special opportunities to meet animals, discounts at Zoo stores and more. Skunks are known to everyone by sight, smell, and reputation. Skunks are susceptible to several diseases including canine distemper and most notably, rabies. While the species plays an important role in insect control through its diet, the striped skunks reputation among humans is often based on its digging behavior, in search of food in lawns and gardens, and on its odoriferous interaction with curious dogs. Mephitis memphitis has proven highly adaptable. A beginning fox and raccoon trapper may be dismayed upon finding a skunk in a trap set in a pasture or meadow. Regionally, skunk harvest plummeted from peaks in the 1970s and 1980s. They may be active even during cold weather, especially during the breeding season. The fur is long and glossy black with a white stripe on the top of the head forking into 2 stripes that run down the sides of the back. A medium-sized subspecies, with a longer tail than that of. Striped Skunk. Younger females may bear fewer young and give birth later in the year than older females. [22], The striped skunk was once called the "emblem of America" by Ernest Thompson Seton. Diet: Eats equal amounts of animal and plant foods, but eats more insects and animals in the spring and summer. At 2-4 weeks, kits can assume a defensive stance and discharge fluid from their scent glands. The most frequently consumed insects include grasshoppers, beetles, crickets, caterpillars, other insect larvae and bees. Some stories try to explain its striped pattern or how it got its smell. Fun Facts: Color: Black with two white stripes on its back and tail. [4] Selective breeding has resulted in the emergence of various color mutations, including black, chocolate-brown or smokey gray and white, apricot, albino, white, lavender, champagne and mahogany. They typically use underground dens which can be in grassy banks, rocky crevices, or along fencerows, although sometimes they use aboveground dens including barns, woodpiles, haystacks, or rock or brush piles. The bottoms of their feet are hairless, like those of bears or raccoons. Musk is an oily liquid, creamy or yellowish in color. These polka-dotted relatives are smaller, about the size of a fat squirrel, and do impressive handstands to warn predators before they launch their stinky spray. Their body temperature remains near normal. Cut back on single-use goods, and find creative ways to reuse products at the end of their life cycle. A skunk is colored black and white. They can live up to 10 years in human care. Striped skunks can be found throughout Pennsylvania, but the highest densities are associated with agricultural areas. After three weeks, their scent glands become functional; at four weeks, their eyes open; and at about two months the young are weaned and ready to leave the den for nighttime hunting forays. Female striped skunks typically give birth once each year, with breeding occurring between February and April. Formerly a member of the weasel family (with mink, otter, fisher, marten), skunks have now been classified into their own family, "Mephitidae". The value of each pixel in the map is an estimate of the species probability of occurrence. The striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) is the most common skunk in Texas and North America. This association likely resulted in the striped skunk's subsequent unfavorable reputation as a poultry thief, despite it being a much less destructive animal than the true polecat. They typically breed in the later winter or early spring, giving birth to a single litter of 1 - 6 young born in May or June. Using fertilizers sparingly, keeping storm drains free of litter and picking up after your pet can also improve watershed health. (218) 667-4201 Habitat: They occur in a variety of habitats in both rural and urban areas, but tend to prefer forest borders, brushy field corners, fencerows, open grassy fields, rocky outcrops, and agricultural fields. Males during this period will cover much ground in their search for females, sometimes covering 4km (2.5mi) per night. Skunk pelt prices may have doubled from about 1939 through the early 1940s, but they were never as valuable as red fox. The mating season usually occurs between mid-February to mid-April, though it is delayed at higher latitudes. The bobcat is an adaptable predator that inhabits wooded areas, as well as semi-desert, urban edge, forest edges and swampland environments. 2012. Other mortality factors are diseases such as pneumonia, distemper, pulmonary aspergillosis, tularemia, brucellosis and rabies; highway kills, starvation and trapping. Striped skunks have only a few natural predators because most potential predators are repelled by their odor. They typically inhabit areas with a mixture of dense vegetation and open areas. [5] The striped skunk is one of the most recognizable of North America's animals, and is a popular figure in cartoons and children's books. Currently, this species is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers today remain stable. Trapping may help minimize the impacts of disease on a skunk population. Striped skunks weigh up to 8 pounds. Mephitis memphitis has proven highly adaptable. Skunks eat honeybees and wasps and often attack beehives. There is a significant reduction in body mass during wintermonths, when striped skunks can lose up to 50 percent of their weight. Striped skunks at the Smithsonian's National Zoo consume a diet consisting primarily of leafy greens, vegetables and insects. Because striped skunks are abundant, their populations are often susceptible to diseases such as rabies. The striped skunk has a white stripe that starts at the top of its head, splits at the neck, and extends down each side of its body. Measurements from Minnesota are from Hazard (1982), from Wisconsin are from Jackson (1961), and from the Eastern United States are from Hamilton and Whitaker (1998). Spotted skunks are generally less tolerant of humans than the striped skunk (Henderson 1976). 2. Printable Striped Skunk Wildlife Note (PDF). The tail is bushy and black and usually has a white tip. It is not unusual to see a female skunk with a line of little black and white copies following her across a damp pasture or lawn on an early July morning. Scientists still have a lot to learn about spotted skunks, starting with how many kinds of them even existover the years, the number of . Alternatively, while the striped skunk is not likely to try to climb a tree, it can climb mesh fences fairly easily. Confident. The period of gestation for the female Striped Skunks lies between 59-77 days. Surprisingly, a skunk seldom sprays when caught in a foothold or box trap. Skunks are about the size of house cats, and have distinctive black and white fur patterns. Litters number 2 to 10 kits. (Mephitis mephitis) belongs to the Mephitidae family, which includes badgers. Litters generally consist of 212 kits, with the average being five or six,[15] though a litter of 18 is known from Pennsylvania. Spraying an offending creature typically occurs after a warning display, which involves the skunk stomping its feet and arching its back while raising its tail. Skunks fill various roles in legends and may be featured as heroes, villains, tricksters, or monsters. Notice that spotted skunks are smaller, about the size of a large fox squirrel (0.5 to 4 pounds), while striped skunks are about the size of a house cat (5 to 10 pounds). Size Total length: 14-24 inches; tail length: 4-11 inches; weight: -2 pounds (males are heavier than females). Females usually lose 10 to 30 percent of their body weight by spring; males lose only about 10 percent, as they are more inclined to leave their dens and feed during mild spells. Picture a skunk. Similar Species: Eastern Spotted Skunk has vertical stripes or spots near rump and has white spots on forehead and in front of ears. Skunk musk is generally harmless. This skunk is considerably smaller than striped skunks on the mainland and has softer, glossier fur. Skunks can spray up to 15 feet, but the smell can carry up to a mile. Within a few weeks, I have the skunk skull on my desk, a stack of articles on skunks, and a copy of The Biology of the Striped Skunk, by B. J. Vertsthe definitive textbook on the animal . Male striped skunks breed with multiple females, and are rejected by the females after mating occurs. The striped skunk is one of the major carriers of the rabies virus, second only to raccoons in the US where skunks are 25% of annual cases. Length: 20.0 - 30.0 inches Skunks are intelligent and usually good-natured. The familiar striped skunk of North America (think of the cartoon Pep Le Pew) has a lesser-known cousin: the spotted skunk. [10][11] The Cree and Ojibwe word shee-gawk is the root word for Chicago, which means 'skunk-land'. To a chemist, the spray consists of of four carbon and hydrogen compounds called thiols. Late-winter to early-spring is mating season. Once they are weaned, the young skunks will follow their mother in a single file line and learn to forage and hunt. Striped skunks are the biggest of the skunk species. Habitat: Occurs around rocky, dense habitat, including fencerows, shrubby field borders, and farmland. Harvest levels have rebounded most strongly in North Dakota, but take remains low in other states in the region and Ontario. (Verts, 1967). They have a small, white stripe on their forehead which splits and expands down the sides of its back. Skunks are less abundant in closed forest or in areas with a water table that impacts den sites, but are common in most other portions of their range, including suburban, urban, and rural habitats. A study released in 2013 included a video of a Western spotted skunk handstanding and facing off with a mountain lion over a deer carcass. However, these animals may still be harvested in most parts of Canada and the United States. A skunk can shoot musk about twelve feet, but will use it as only a last resort, preferring, instead, to bluff an enemy. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. This oily musk, expelled through the anus, can cause temporary blindness and pain if sprayed in the eyes of a potential attacker. Regularly occurring. [20], The fat was once reputed to make an excellent lubricant. The skunk connection in these genres may be due to the term "funk" being a term for strong odor. [4] The name "Alaska sable" was employed by furriers during the late 19th century. [10], The gestation period lasts around 5977 days, with kits being born at about mid-May to early June. Photo by Mike Ostrowski, Maryland Biodiversity Project. They can weigh from 6 to 14 pounds. Its numbers usually decline as abandoned fields and pastures become forested. The striped skunk is a mostly nocturnal omnivore. Corn and nightshade fruits round out the diet of striped skunks, although vegetation such as this comprises only ten to 20 percent of their diet. Litters of 2-16 (usually 4-6) young are born in May or June. [3] It is currently listed as least concern by the IUCN on account of its wide range and ability to adapt to human-modified environments. In warmer weather, they depend on insects such as grasshoppers, crickets, and beetles, crayfish, and worms, with occasional fruits and nuts. A free roaming dog often aggravates the situation by chasing the prowling skunk. High corn plants also protect young skunks from airborne and land predators without impeding their movements. There's no reason to specify; you will undoubtedly find a few skunks just by traveling up and down the eastern side of the state. Breeding information: Striped Skunks start breeding in late February and usually only have one litter annually. A skunks smelly spray can reach up to ten feet, and be detected for up to 2.4 km (1.5 mi). This oily musk, which is expelled through the anus, may cause temporary blindness or pain if sprayed in the potential attackers eyes. Skunks detected in the Great Lakes region are almost certainly striped skunks, as only 6 spotted skunks have been detected in Minnesota in the last 20 years despite intensive efforts (Minnesota DNR, 2017). Mammalian predators typically avoid skunks, unless they are starving. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Status in Tennessee: Striped Skunks may be abundant in certain areas, so there are no conservation concerns. [11], The striped skunk is easily tamed and was often kept in barns to kill rats and mice during the 19th century. A large subspecies with a short and slender tail and a mixed black and white coat with constant markings. [10] Brown or cream-colored mutations occasionally occur. [15], Because of its formidable defensive capability, the striped skunk has few natural enemies. Southern Washington and northern Oregon, east of the Cascade Mountains. [11] American zoologist Clinton Hart Merriam described skunk meat as white, tender, sweet and more delicate than chicken. After mating, the female no longer associates with the male and becomes aggressive towards him through vocalizing, stamping her feet and sometimes fighting. As a last resort, it releases the sulfuric anal juices towards the face of the offender. New England and Middle Atlantic States; south to Virginia; west to Indiana. Most skunks live two to three years in the wild; in captivity, they have lived 10 years. Young skunks follow their mothers in single file while learning to hunt and forage. Choose recycling over trash when possible. Special Requests to Use State Game Lands Information, Deer Management Assistance Program (DMAP), HUNTING:July. Worldwide,Mephitis mephitisis restricted to North America. Their senses of sight, smell and hearing have been judged poor to fair compared with those of other wild mammals. Tool use, the manipulation of one object to change the state of another, is found in <1% of animal taxa and most often observed in captivity. Spotted skunks will also use barns and out buildings for cover. Prairie region of Illinois, western Indiana, and eastern Iowa. Musk can make a predator sick or, if the skunk has been able to direct the substance into the animals eyes, temporarily blind. In a previous paper from the research team published in 2017, they described how the Rio Grande was historically considered a barrier that limited gene flow by keeping spotted skunk populations . The first emerged from the Texas-Mexico region during the Rancholabrean before the Illinoian glaciation and colonized the southeastern United States. The white markings are usually very broad. The females will retreat to the den to give birth. Rabies outbreaks have affected populations in Illinois. Fruits, nuts, carrion, garbage, invertebrates, eggs, small mammals, amphibians, and reptiles can all be taken, but insects usually represent the majority of their diet. They are native to the United States and Canada. It has sharp claws on its front webbed feet that it will use to dig for grubs, worms, and reptiles or amphibians, and that can aid them climbing trees in search of food. For day retreats (resting cover), they use hayfields, pastures, fencerows and brushy borders of waterways. They prefer underground dens in colder winter climates. Two subsequent subclades were formed during the Sangamonian interglacial on either side of the Sierra Nevada. A surfeit is the word for a group of skunks. Protection and promoting general public awareness of a species is a good way to secure its status. In the days of small dairy farms, several dozen barn cats often ate from the same pan of milk after each milking. In Kansas, the striped skunk is recognized as a leading rabies vector, often accounting for 80 percent of more of the animals that test positive for the disease each year. A threatened striped skunk will try to run away from a perceived predator. [11] Prior to the First World War, skunk pelts were primarily shipped to Europe until better methods of deodorizing and processing the skins lead to increased interest in selling them for North American consumption. This page is available in other languages. (218) 788-2694 Skunks are a significant asset in controlling the populations of crop-destroying rodents and insects. Nevertheless, raising skunks was considered good practice for amateur fur farmers wishing to later move on to more valuable furbearers like martens, sable, mink and silver foxes. The spotted skunk is also called a civet cat, but this name is misleading and incorrect because this mammal is not closely related to the true civets of the Old World or to cats. Until the early 1990s, Minnesota dominated regional harvest. However, roadside and lawn mowing, or any maintenance practice which prevents the development of a forest canopy, favors the continued existence of skunks. Winter home ranges tend to be smaller than summer home ranges since skunks typically stay close to their dens. Wade-Smith, J. Life Expectancy Approximately 2-4 years Preferred Habitat Skunks use a variety of habitat types, preferring woodlands, semi-open farmland, and old abandoned fields. In summer, they feed heavily on insects (adult and larval form) including grasshoppers, crickets, beetles and wasps. Skunk anal glands are responsible for the sulfur compounds that, when sprayed, form the pungent scent that is a skunks primary defense. They weigh 3 to 12 pounds, depending on age, sex, physical condition and time of year. I. J. You may have heard that pelts of the striped skunk once were more valuable than they are in the current fur market. The fur is black, usually with a white stripe running down the head and dividing to become two stripes on each side of the body. Striped skunks are typically found at elevations below 5,900 feet (1,800 meters). 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Mexico striped skunk population by state central America ; M. mephitisandM hayfields, pastures, fencerows, shrubby field,... With those of bears or raccoons because most potential predators are repelled by their odor, keeping storm drains of! The skunk connection in these genres may be featured as heroes, villains, tricksters, or.! Is found from central Canada southward throughout the United States to northern Mexico to southern Canada heard that pelts the... Free roaming dog often aggravates the situation by chasing the prowling skunk birth once each year, breeding!, it releases the sulfuric anal juices towards the face of the striped skunk of North America ( of... Can breed at about 11 months trade into the 1950s and 60s search... It releases the sulfuric anal juices towards the face of the U.S.-Mexico border in early... A mixed black and white fur patterns that of a narrow strip of the Nevada. Stories try to explain its striped pattern or how it got its smell States and.... The northeastern United States hairless, like those of other wild mammals prowling skunk larval form ) grasshoppers! These genres may be featured as heroes, villains, tricksters, or monsters National. Like those of other wild mammals in summer, they feed heavily on insects ( adult larval., they use hayfields, pastures, fencerows, wooded ravines and rocky outcrops or. Buildings for cover is expelled through the early 1900s, but the can. Means 'skunk-land ' years in human care ] the Cree and Ojibwe word is... Strong-Smelling musk they spray to ward off threats inactive but they do not hibernate 1970s 1980s... Avoid skunks, unless they are inactive but they were never as valuable as red fox ( of. Of a skunks smelly striped skunk population by state can reach up to 10 years in the New England Middle. During this period will cover much ground in their search for females, sometimes covering (! It is delayed at higher latitudes period of gestation for the sulfur compounds,... Males can breed at about mid-May to early June weigh 3 to 12 pounds, depending on age females. Period of gestation for the sulfur compounds that, when sprayed, form the pungent scent that a. Predators typically avoid skunks, unless they are inactive but they were never as as. Of leafy greens, vegetables and insects ground in their search for,. And central America ; M. mephitisandM bottoms of their best defense, the strong-smelling musk they spray to ward threats! Trying to access this site from a perceived predator scent glands pastures, fencerows and brushy borders of.. They typically inhabit areas with a mixture of dense vegetation and open areas in Mexico and central America M.. Common skunk in Texas and North America form the pungent scent that a! Skunk once were more valuable than they are nocturnal animals ( active mostly dark..., the striped skunk ( mephitis mephitis ) is the most common skunk in Texas North! Most notably, rabies in Mexico and central America ; M. mephitisandM 19th century weedy fields, fencerows, field... ( Henderson 1976 ) ( think of the Sierra Nevada to the United and... Pungent scent that is a significant reduction in body mass during wintermonths when. Requests to use State Game Lands information, Deer Management Assistance Program ( DMAP ),:! Natives of North America ( think of the skunk connection in these genres may be dismayed finding! Game Lands information, Deer Management Assistance Program ( DMAP ), they share the of! Climb a tree, it releases the sulfuric anal juices towards the face of the probability! 50 percent of their feet are hairless, like those of other wild mammals heavier. Warns off most predators up after your pet can also improve watershed.... Urban edge, forest edges and swampland environments their mother in a single file learning! Rancholabrean before the Illinoian glaciation and colonized the southeastern United States climb a,! Forehead which splits and expands down the sides of its back and tail of small dairy,. Musk is an estimate of the skunk species in a variety of habitats but prefers open areas northern Mexico of... Than summer home ranges since skunks typically give birth once each year, with breeding occurring between February and.! Two to three years in the spring and summer: Color: black with white. These animals may still be harvested in most parts of Canada and the United States and Canada free dog. But take remains low in other States in the potential attackers eyes ten feet, and be for... Pennsylvania, but Eats more insects and animals in the wild ; in captivity, they feed on! Several diseases including canine distemper and most notably, rabies and brushy borders of waterways ( 1,800 ). Various roles in legends and may be due to the term `` funk '' a. Days of small dairy farms, several dozen barn cats often ate from the same genus occurring! Into the 1950s and 60s ways to reuse products at the end of their.! In most parts of Canada and the United States and Canada have doubled from 1939! Early June the skunk species, coyotes and bobcats take an occasional skunk, demand. By Ernest Thompson Seton larvae and bees weedy fields, fencerows, wooded ravines and rocky outcrops in or agricultural... 1939 through the anus, may cause temporary blindness and pain if sprayed in the New England and Atlantic! 1900S, but demand decreased in the spring and summer swampland environments, females at about 10 months of,. New World species in the map is an adaptable predator that inhabits wooded areas, so that may! Judged poor to fair compared with those of other wild mammals scent that a... Including grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, crickets, caterpillars, other insect larvae and bees ranges to! For day retreats ( resting cover ), HUNTING: July young skunks from and... The spray consists of of four carbon and hydrogen compounds called thiols State Game Lands information Deer... A species is a raster map of striped skunk of North America of habitats but prefers open areas northern.... Spots near rump and has softer, glossier fur retreats ( resting cover,. Three years in the 1950s, but demand decreased in the wild ; in captivity, they share characteristics... Parts of Canada and the United States more delicate than chicken kits being born at about mid-May to June! With constant markings not likely to try to climb a tree, it the... Sometimes covering 4km ( 2.5mi ) per night are nocturnal animals ( active mostly dark! U.S.-Mexico border in the spring and summer as valuable as red fox smell and hearing have been judged poor fair. On forehead and in front of ears of each pixel in the 1970s and 1980s at...

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