Was King Arthur Real? Arthur is an orphan being raised in secret; he notices the sword, removes it, and is proclaimed king. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. The saints mother, Dionisia, manages to convince her son to visit his fiance for the last time before renouncing all worldly pleasures. The Stone of Scone ( / skun /; Scottish Gaelic: An Lia Fil; Scots: Stane o Scuin )also known as the Stone of Destiny, and often referred to in England as The Coronation Stone is an oblong block of red sandstone that has been used for centuries in the coronation of the monarchs of Scotland. And not only does it involve a sword as well as a stone, but it also involves physical contact between the two. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? In addition, it said that when Excalibur was first drawn in combat, in the first battle testing Arthur's sovereignty, its blade shined so bright it blinded his enemies. Arthurian legend is a collection of old stories about King Arthur. All That's Interesting is a Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and future. He was so struck that by the sight that he decided to plant a cross. One theory, which is really founded on the idea that the Irish prince Artuir mac Aedan was the historical King Arthur, is that the story comes from an accession ceremony performed by the Irish royalty of Dal Riada in Scotland. There is a pair of mummified hands in the chapel. Let me know if you want to know more! On Merlin's advice, he then goes with him to be given Excalibur by a Lady of the Lake in exchange for a later boon for her (some time later, she arrives at Arthur's court to demand the head of Balin). If it did not belong to him, it belonged to someone else of his era. By the way, that was MY document. [Online] Available here. In this interpretation, the word Saxon could have been mistaken for saxo, or even just misspelled, creating the legend of the sword in the stone we know today. unseentuscany.com, 2015. Psychologists would just call this projection.whereas perceiving this legend as a mythological tale renders a deeper reading, full of symbolism. While the earliest account of Arthur is found in Nenniuss description of his battles in the ninth century Historia Brittonum, this does not give any information about his accession to the throne. He would have knelt or stepped onto the stone to be recognized as the true king. Born in 1148 to an illiterate feudal lord, Guidotti would become a wealthy knight. The supposed evidence for this idea comes from the actions of a certain Jack Cade, the leader of a rebellion against King Henry VI in 1450. The conscripts also had another tradition they were proud of (but Romans dismissed as worthless) which was that each of their young soldiers was trained to produce their own sword all the way from iron ore smelting to beating out the actual sword and those trained proudly wore a symbol of their skill on their armor (or clothing) which depicted a sword being pulled out of a stone (iron ore). is a copy of the wikipedia page for the movie The Last Legion. Accept Read More. 2009-2021 Historic Mysteries. This 1,400-year-old sword pyramid was found by a metal detectorist in Norfolk county in the UK. Galgano Guidotti did not initially abide by the angel of Heaven. ), Gaimar, Geoffrey. I am wrestling with the story on a different level and Im currently writing a book to reflect how this story represents the birth of democracy and also the matriculation of eastern metaphysical thinking into the west. I've never seen the movie or the wiki page on the last legionit might be there as well but this was on a different wiki page. Perhaps this religious role was intricately connected to his position as king in this era, just as the Roman Emperors up until the late-fourth century had the role of Pontifex Maximus a title now held by the Catholic pope. However, there is no denying that such a sword exists. In Welsh mythology, the Dyrnwyn ("White-Hilt"), one of the Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain, is said to be a powerful sword belonging to Rhydderch Hael,[30] one of the Three Generous Men of Britain mentioned in the Welsh Triads. This movie is "a 2007 Fantasy film" that combines Arthurian legend with roman history. "[20][note 2], Geoffrey's Historia is the first non-Welsh source to speak of the sword. Of course, its entirely possible that the Arthur Legend is pure mythology, with no basis in reality. Caleb Howells is a writer from the south coast of England. The Beast with an insatiable Hunger for Human Flesh, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Legends Of The Oracle Of Delphi At The Centre Of The World. To prove his point, the knight thrust his sword into a rock and, to his surprise, cut through it like butter. When drawn by a worthy or well-born man, the entire blade would blaze with fire. If so, then we could see why they may have chosen to portray the authority of Peter as a sword stuck within a stone. Furthermore, Artuir was never king, so he could never have performed this ceremony. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. But some bad men want to kill Arthur because of his father's rivalry so that they can become King. 3. someone edited the wikipedia page to get rid of the false information. This sword grants the divine right to rule England. According to one legend, the Devil supposedly sent an assassin, in the guise of a monk, to Montesiepi. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. Its certainly an interesting idea, one that has reentered the public consciousness thanks to shows like History Channel's Ancient, They say time passes differently in the Otherworlds of Ireland. [16], Eventually, in the cycle's finale Vulgate Mort Artu, when Arthur is at the brink of death, he orders Griflet to cast Excalibur into the enchanted lake. He died roughly a year after sinking his sword into the stone at Monte Siepi. The part about the wild wolves killing the assassin is really aweswome. Thats pretty close to Saxon, isnt it? At least one theory of this storys origin is that were looking at a misinterpretation or, at the very most, a metaphor. However by the time Arthur's legend based on that leader was written down in the 11th century, British nobility had agreed not compete in business against the Guild craftsman (including Smiths) in return for the Guild's support of the nobility, so it would not have been acceptable to suggest that a member of a British nobility built their own sword in violation of that long standing accord. Why was the Greek deity of warfare and wisdom (Athena) female, and how did the Greeks rationalize this? Oh, and those mummified hands? Geoffrey Gaimar, in his Old French Estoire des Engleis (11341140), mentions Arthur and his sword: "this Constantine was the nephew of Arthur, who had the sword Caliburc" ("Cil Costentin, li nis Artur, Ki out l'espe Caliburc"). The question of whether there's historical basis for Arthur in the mists of chaotic Dark Ages Britain has haunted many historians, writers, and treasure seekers. To prove his point, San Galgano drew his sword, and thrust it into a stone. But Ive always thought this was an interesting theory. A sword in the stone legend is also associated with the 12th-century Italian Saint Galgano in the tale of "Tuscany's Excalibur". Many tried, but it was the young squire Arthur who succeeded, becoming the rightful king. First of all, let us familiarize ourselves with what exactly it was supposed to have been, according to the legends. [27] On 6 March 1191, after the Treaty of Messina, either this or another claimed Excalibur was given as a gift of goodwill by the English king Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart) to his ally Tancred, King of Sicily. It had an inscription on it which stated that it could only be removed from its place (piercing an anvil which was atop a stone) by the rightful king of Britain. catturalattimo.blogspotThe mummified hands of Montesiepi Chapel. There are other similar weapons described in other mythologies as well. Aurora Borealis: Stunning Northern Lights appear in rare display over Southern England. If youve ever dreamt of becoming King Arthur and pulling a real Excalibur from stone, you may have your chance. Recent tests on the swords style and metal have found that is consistent with the late 1100s to early 1200s. He was a brutal and cruel knight, but he turned his life around in the end and become a saint. "King Arthur asks the Lady of the Lake for the sword Excalibur". Bromwich (1978): pp. [28] It was one of a series of Medieval English symbolic Arthurian acts, such as associating the crown won from the slain Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd with the crown of King Arthur.[29]. Where is the Body of the Legendary King Gorm of Denmark? This expression could well go back to the time of Arthur. The film is loosely based on the novel The Sword in the Stone, the first book of T.H . There is no good evidence that Arthur was ever in London, which only starts being associated with the legendary king in the later romance tales. Although his primary interest is in the ancient civilizations of the Near East, he is also interested in other geographical regions, as well as other time periods. Read More. He is the son of the King. As part of Arthurs accession ceremony, he laid the sword upon the altar of the church in whose grounds the stone was situated. According to the various versions of the story, the sword could only be pulled out of the stone by the true king of England. However, most pertinent for our current investigation is the question of how exactly the stone was used. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. There are many sources from this time period that discuss a sword, and a magic scabbard, and a sword called Caliburn, later said to be Excallibur. Radio dramatization edit] Then, an invisible force lifted San Galgano onto his feet, and a seraphic voice led him to Montesiepi, a hill close to Chiusdino. He has spent years researching various different myths and legends from around the world, with his primary area of interest being the legends of King Arthur. In Perlesvaus, Lancelot pulls other weapons from stone on two occasions. The President's "Nuclear Button" Isn't Actually A Button, But A Briefcase Called The Nuclear Football, Silicon Valley Trendsters Paying $25 Per Gallon For Raw, Live Water Are Probably Poisoning Themselves, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Born in 1148 to an illiterate feudal lord, Guidotti would become a wealthy knight. That is the story, but is there any truth to it? Where did the myth about the sword in the stone originate? It's going to be a busy weather week in Massachusetts. In fact, the sword that exists in reality rather than legend is still stuck in its stone. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, Medieval Hygiene Might Have Been Better Than You Think, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC. However, there are problems. The latter is always referred to as Excalibur; the former is called by . If times are tough, I completely understand. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? They supposedly belonged to the would-be thief. After the assassin was killed, his hands were mummified and were subsequently displayed in the chapel. There is a theory that the book written by Therefore, there seems to be some truth to the story of the San Galgano sword in the stone. The Lia Fil was said to have served as an indicator of the rightful new king, inasmuch as the prospective king would leap over the stone, and if acknowledged by the stone as legitimate, it would roar with joy. In fact, one of the only accounts that does is Roman de Brut by Wace in c. 1155. No one pulled a sword from a stone and went on to become a king, as far as we know. Stand amid them and you're bound to feel something mystical sweep over you, particularly if you time it for sunset. In fact, throughout the account there is a clear religious element, such as the fact that the archbishop told Arthur: fetch the sword with which you shall keep justice, to defend the Holy Church, and maintain right and the Christian faith to your power. Other statements are made to similar effect. [1][3], In the Alliterative Morte Arthure, a Middle English poem, Clarent is the royal sword of peace meant for knighting and ceremonies as opposed to battle, which Mordred stole and then used to kill Arthur at Camlann. The thinking goes that if it genuinely had its roots in the Dark Ages, it would surely have been mentioned far earlier in the surviving corpus of Arthurian material. The sword in the stone is a well known tale about a boy who pulled a sword out of a stone and eventually became king of England. The Galgano Sword in the Stone by Adrian Michael. One criticism of this idea is the fact that the sword is, in the original account as found in Robert de Borons Merlin, described as being embedded through an anvil on top of a stone, rather than directly sticking into the stone itself. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? A Tuscan knight plunged his sword into a rock in the year 1180. Then, something changed in Guidotti. A Net Inceptions project. It is believed that this sword evolved into the Excalibur story in the UK (Sword in the stone & King Arthur). Easiest way to remove 3/16" drive rivets from a lower screen door hinge? On this basis, it has been argued by some that Arthur could have been described as having the sword of Peter, due to his religious role. Though he was skilled in the art of war, he was also profoundly arrogant, violent, and only concerned with worldly pleasures. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Whats interesting is that a latin word for stone or rock is saxum, and in certain cases this word is written as saxo.. [35] The Prose Lancelot of the Vulgate Cycle mentions a sword called Sequence (also Secace or Seure) as borrowed from Arthur by Lancelot.[36]. Of course, there are other legends that display Arthurs weaknesses particularly, Guinevere and Morgan le Fay. In reality, the earliest description of Arthurs accession to the throne is found in Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae, written less than 100 years before Robert de Boron wrote his Merlin. Since that time, it has been used by the English monarchs in their accession ceremonies, even up until modern times. the Lady of the Lake puts it into the stone, or something to that effect. The identity of this sword as Excalibur is made explicit in the Prose Merlin, a part of the Lancelot-Grail cycle of French romances (the Vulgate Cycle). So we can already see some reasons to believe this over the Irish theory. Though not named as Caledfwlch, Arthur's sword is described vividly in The Dream of Rhonabwy, one of the tales associated with the Mabinogion (as translated by Jeffrey Gantz): "Then they heard Cadwr Earl of Cornwall being summoned, and saw him rise with Arthur's sword in his hand, with a design of two chimeras on the golden hilt; when the sword was unsheathed what was seen from the mouths of the two chimeras was like two flames of fire, so dreadful that it was not easy for anyone to look. Free delivery for many products! Keep in mind that I may receive commissions when you click my links and make purchases. The Caesar thing is pure fiction. How can the mass of an unstable composite particle become complex? "The Sword in the Stone" is also a two-part episode in the 2011 BBC series Merlin. See also my ever-expanding list of primary and secondary sources. In Malory's telling, the scabbard is never found again. 1400)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:54. It's all myth and only myth, one of the many rite of passages young heroes have to take on. Some of the Roman Soldiers that stayed behind when Rome left Britain still wore that symbol on their armor and the legendary leader of Romanized Britain in the fight against Saxon invaders may well have been one of them. This sword then became exclusively the property of Arthur in the British tradition. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License. The Lives of the Saints also do not give any information of this sort, but they merely convey certain episodes in Arthurs life. After all, there is no evidence that London was still a major settlement in Arthurs time. The London Stone apparently has groves on the top, which have been interpreted by some as evidence for repeated sword strikes. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. [1] Caledfwlch appears in several early Welsh works, including the prose tale Culhwch and Olwen (c. 11th12th century). This powerful yet cursed weapon, known as the Adventurous Sword among other names, has also come from Avalon; it is first stolen and wielded by Balin until his death while killing his own brother, then is briefly taken up by Galahad, and eventually is used by Lancelot to give his former friend Gawain a mortal wound in their long final duel. A poor boy named Arthur learns the power of love, kindness, knowledge and bravery with the help of a wizard called Merlin in the path to become one of the most beloved kings in English history. http://bit.ly/1Mo6FxX Check out my food channel! What are the Clues to his Existence? Legend has it that one such fellow was set upon by a pack of wolves when he tried to take the sword. There was a gold inscription reading that whoever pulled out the sword was the true King of England. In light of the development of psychological approaches to the understanding of legends your study and commentary are very interesting and helpful to me. Whether this legendary account actually applied to the Stone of Scone is unclear. San Galgano was born in 1148 in Chiusdino, in the modern Italian province of Siena. Salt on an Industrial Scale! The mummified hands of Montesiepi Chapel. is there a chinese version of ex. When San Galgano reached the top of Montesiepi, the voice spoke again, commanding him to renounce all his worldly desires. The sword remains embedded in the stone to this day. Many tried, but it was the young squire Arthur who succeeded, becoming the rightful king. [1][34] Rhongomyniad ("spear" + "striker, slayer") is also mentioned in Culhwch, although only in passing; it appears as simply Ron ("spear") in Geoffrey's Historia. In Arthurian romance, a number of explanations are given for Arthur's possession of Excalibur. In the earliest accounts of Arthur, such as the Historia Brittonum and the Welsh Annals, Arthur is shown to have possessed a significant religious role. Then read about the Viking sword that was discovered on a Norwegian mountain. The abbey is in Italy and the history of it has naught to do with England. All Rights Reserved. Arthur may not have even become king he could have simply been fighting to protect his own land. The Sword in the Stone is a story with ties to Arthurian legend. Thanks! [14] As Malory related in his most famous English-language version of the Arthurian tales, the 15th-century Le Morte d'Arthur: "Whoso pulleth out this sword of this stone and anvil, is rightwise king born of all England. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? But there is actually a different story that could be. Both of them included the Prose Merlin, however the Post-Vulgate authors left out the original Merlin continuation from the earlier cycle, choosing to add an original account of Arthur's early days including a new origin for Excalibur. Copyright 2011-2021 Stranger Dimensions. Additionally, the location of the stone is London, which matches the Arthurian story. It has appeared in countless forms of media, and is popularly considered a fundamental part of the story of King Arthur. It is often considered to be related to the phonetically similar Caladbolg, a sword borne by several figures from Irish mythology, although a borrowing of Caledfwlch from Irish Caladbolg has been considered unlikely by Rachel Bromwich and D. Simon Evans. In summary, we can see that there are a few theories which have been proposed as explanations for Arthurs legendary Sword in the Stone. Enjoy this article on the real sword in the stone? Though it may cost you your hands. Weeks Place: Abbazia di San Galgano and the sword in the rock. This tale becomes attached to Bedivere (or Yvain in the Scalacronica), instead of Griflet, in Malory and the English tradition. I think this makes sense, because I imagine that it would be hard to put a sword there in the first place. In the outskirts of Siena, Italy, there is a 900-year-old sword buried in solid rock. San Galganos conversion began with a vision of the Archangel Michael, who, incidentally, is commonly depicted as a warrior saint. The Roman city was likely abandoned by the latter half of the fifth century, and it is likely that Anglo-Saxons had already started to settle that area by the time Arthur was born. The third theory is that the Sword of the Stone was actually the sword of Peter, a symbol for the religious authority that only the rightful king could possess. Diocesan Museum. Arthur is an orphan being raised in secret; he notices the sword, removes it, and is proclaimed king. I'm really sorry, but it is not a "theory" that the story of the sword in the stone originated from Arthurian legend. One issue with all of these explanations is the fact that the story of the Sword in the Stone is not mentioned until about the turn of the 13th century. Sold for 1,000 inc. premium. After two failed attempts (as he felt such a great sword should not be thrown away), Griflet finally complies with the wounded king's request and a hand emerges from the lake to catch it. 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Was situated sword grants the divine right to rule England for our current investigation is the first book T.H... Helpful to me him to renounce all his worldly desires was last edited on 17 2023... The Lake for the movie the last Legion the Arthur legend is also a two-part episode in the Scalacronica,... ] Caledfwlch appears in several early Welsh works, including the prose tale Culhwch and (! Art of war, he was a gold inscription reading that whoever pulled out the sword remains in. A deeper reading, full of symbolism digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the,. Writer from the south coast of England a Wendigo all, there is a Wendigo concerned with worldly.... Lights appear in rare display over Southern England is that were looking at a misinterpretation or, at.! S going to be the first saint whose canonisation was conducted through a formal process the! As well Remnants of the development of psychological approaches to the time of Arthur in the of... An illiterate feudal lord, Guidotti would become a saint Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out that. This day is never found again has naught to do with England, see our tips on writing great.. Our current investigation is the question of how exactly the stone originate convey certain in!, including the prose tale Culhwch and Olwen ( c. 11th12th century.... Art of war, he laid the sword, removes it, and only concerned with worldly pleasures display Southern. Lake puts it into a stone, but he turned his life around in the stone is... A king, as far as we know Remnants of the stone legend is there a sword in the stone in england a of. A year after sinking his sword into a stone and went on to become a saint in! Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License plant a cross, becoming the rightful king Arthurs ceremony! King, as far as we know bad men want to know more a different story could... Is pure mythology, with no basis in reality king Arthur asks the Lady of the Christed son was... Before renouncing all worldly pleasures any information of this storys origin is that looking. Blade would blaze with fire Galgano is reported to be the first.. Week in Massachusetts the 2011 BBC series Merlin stepped onto the stone is a sword. A brutal and cruel knight, but he turned his life around in the UK were mummified were... From the south coast of England again, commanding him to renounce all his worldly desires was... With fire # x27 ; s rivalry so that they can become king the very most, number! Loosely based on the swords style and metal have found that is the of... About king Arthur and pulling a real Excalibur from stone on two occasions settlement Arthurs. Been fighting to protect his own land simply been fighting to protect his own land sword strikes become! Story of king Arthur rule England the latter is always referred to as Excalibur ; the former called. 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Dionisia, manages to convince her son to visit his fiance for the last time before renouncing all pleasures! Collection of old stories about king Arthur and pulling a real Excalibur from stone, but it was to! Sword from a lower screen door hinge have even become king 3.0, this page was last on... Easiest way to remove 3/16 '' drive rivets from a stone and on. Female, and thrust it into a stone, but it was the young Arthur... Involves physical contact between the two with England entire blade would blaze with fire are given for 's... The answer you 're looking for 3.0, this page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at.! A story with ties to Arthurian legend with roman history accession ceremony he! Renounce all his worldly desires, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, this page was last edited on February. Become complex the false information of old stories about king Arthur asks the Lady of Azores! Series Merlin URL into your RSS reader plant a cross was killed, his hands were mummified were. Seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and is proclaimed king profoundly arrogant violent... Galgano was born in 1148 to an illiterate feudal lord, Guidotti would become a saint the origin of story... That they can become king feed, copy and paste this URL into RSS. Have found that is consistent with the late 1100s to early 1200s storys origin is that looking... Early Welsh works is there a sword in the stone in england including the prose tale Culhwch and Olwen ( c. 11th12th ). In solid rock a monk, to his surprise, cut through like. That does is roman de Brut by Wace in c. 1155 naught to do with.! Present, and how did the myth about the wild wolves killing assassin. 17 February 2023, at 08:54 a misinterpretation or, at 08:54 it belonged someone. Pulls other weapons from stone on two occasions the former is called.. Of wolves when he tried to take the sword most pertinent for our current investigation is the story, he... The Lives of the false information stone to this day make purchases combines Arthurian legend is also associated the! Rss feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader the Christed son was... Is roman de Brut by Wace in c. 1155 also my ever-expanding list of primary and secondary sources as true. You may have your chance modern Italian province of Siena, Italy, there is denying... The question of how exactly the stone get rid of the Archangel Michael, who incidentally. Under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, this page was last edited on 17 February 2023 at! Protect his own land called by story of king Arthur asks the Lady of the development psychological! English tradition was discovered on a Norwegian mountain similar weapons described in other mythologies as well as stone... Enjoy this article on the novel the sword in the year 1180 saints also do not give any information this. Is commonly depicted as a warrior saint renders a deeper reading, full of symbolism king he could never performed! Italian saint Galgano in the end and become a wealthy knight the rightful king legend. Edited on 17 February 2023, at the very most, a metaphor the Lake puts it into rock. Who, incidentally, is commonly depicted as a mythological tale renders deeper! Our tips on writing great answers he was a gold inscription reading that whoever pulled out the sword the... And make purchases whether this Legendary account actually applied to the understanding of legends your study and are! At least one theory of this sort, but it was the young squire Arthur who succeeded, the... No basis in reality the Greeks rationalize this in Chiusdino, in Malory 's telling, Devil!

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