Navigate to AppDelegate.swift and youll see SceneDelegate is empty. When you ask CloudKit to save the record, this is where you may have to handle a conflict due to another client updating the record since the last time you fetched it. The largest and most up-to-date collection of courses and books on iOS, Did you figure it out? With NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, applications can operate on shared objects from any Apple device. Also, it may be desirable to provide some UI indication of CloudKit availability, sync status, and of course, error conditions that dont have a satisfactory internal resolution. This method accepts the share with the CloudKit server in the container associated with the persistent store I provide-- here, the shared store for my application. to display more information in my user interface. uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. To edit or update the caption or description, tap the destination cell to see the detail screen. CloudKit automatically creates a default zone for the private database. Next, I'll tap Mail and invite Jermaine and Mary. The same note fields for text and modified datetime can be stored locally in a file via NSKeyedArchiver or the like, and the UI can provide near full functionality based on this local copy. CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your app without much effort. This allows users to share individual records from their private databases with their contacts . If a match returns, this object is already shared. Im going to take a fairly deep technical dive into the CloudKit API to explore ways you can leverage this technology to make awesome multi-device apps. Thus, your AppDelegate should call application.registerForRemoteNotifications in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions and implement didReceiveRemoteNotification. If you sent the invitation from a real device, that can be a simulator. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate. I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. The version held by the server at the time you submitted the request. Notice the role and permission for each user. For starters, a few custom errors can be defined to shield the client from the internals of CloudKit, and a simple delegate protocol can inform the client of remote updates to the underlying Note data. Now, you should see a Button with Label("Delete", systemImage: "trash"). Under the Schema section, select Indexes. Customizations like this necessarily require. Within a CKDatabase are CKRecordZones, and within zones CKRecords. a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. in a way that facilitates this type of injection. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. And more importantly, how would such an experience change the applications we build? and automatically assigns records to them. Last, open HomeView.swift and look for the swipeActions modifier. CloudKit prefixes your entities with CD to distinguish them from traditional CloudKit records. with the CloudKit server in the container associated. For these reasons, I am using the operations in these code examples. Use Core Data CloudKit to implement a data-sharing flow between iCloud users. Youre now ready to present the cloud-sharing view and add people to contribute to your journal. Participants can have different roles and permissions that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects, which brings us to the second key concept: how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and CloudKit structure these shared objects. When the app comes up, youll notice the shared journal entry doesnt show up. CloudKit Notifications provide the means to find out when records have been updated by another client. Before CloudKit, inconsistent behavior and weak debugging tools made it almost impossible to deliver a top quality product using the first generation iCloud APIs. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? On Mary's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, and there's a specific property on the post entity, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector, to be an optional Transformable attribute. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. When storing data via CloudKit, CloudKit Console allows you to interact with the data in question and perform several other functions such as viewing logs. When you start the sharing process later, you'll start to see data populated here if another user shares a records with you. The next step is to create the container your data will live in. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner. When the app opens, the userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith method is called on the app delegate class: When this method is called it is passed a CKShareMetadata object containing information about the share. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"-- and tap Done. CloudKit - How to share multiple records and retrieve shared records? The brute force approach of requiring an active CloudKit connection when using the app is not at all satisfying from the users perspective, and, in fact, may be grounds for rejection from the Apple App Store. I simply give the new album a title and then tap Next to choose the set of participants. Over 300 content creators. When a notification comes in that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit. The most common options are via email or text message. Open CoreDataStack.swift. Photos implements a system control here in the lower left that allows me to call up an Action sheet. As you prepare to present your CloudSharingView, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer. Continue with Recommended Cookies. to present information about shared objects. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. The Note will be stored as a single CKRecord with text, modified (DateTime), and version fields. Each participant will also have their own collection, applications can operate on shared objects. This is a thorny problem with many gotchas and pitfalls, but users expect the feature and expect it to work well. Download iOS 13.0+ iPadOS 13.0+ Xcode 13.0+ Mac Catalyst 13.0+ Overview As technology advances, people collaborate with others through cloud-based apps more than ever. Book about a good dark lord, think "not Sauron", How to choose voltage value of capacitors, Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. directly to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. We call them the owner and the participants. See the solution below: [spoiler title=Solution 1] It rejects specific requests with enough error context in the response to allow each client to make a local, enlightened decision about how to resolve the conflict. The answer is, "Not much." For each participant, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages objects in two CloudKit databases, the .private and the .shared database. After adding a few of these customizations, it became obvious I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly, which brings me to the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. Amazing! CloudKit - Share Files between Users via a URL, https://github.com/iRareMedia/iCloudDocumentSync, https://github.com/usebutton/ios-deeplink-sdk, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Learn SwiftUI and take your iOS Development to the Next LevelSwiftUI Essentials iOS 16 Edition book is now available in Print ($39.99) and eBook ($29.99) editions. Each of these participants will be able to access and operate on the objects I share with them. For example, the zone that NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages. There are two ways to share data via CloudKit: record sharing and zone sharing. It brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge about how CloudKit works and how to operate on records and objects. It is capable of handling large file transfers seamlessly. For SQLite-backed stores, Core Data provided ubiquitous persistent storage. CloudKit: For managing structured data and sharing data among users. To understand these challenges a bit more clearly. I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. Instead of invoking methods on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer directly, I built a protocol that exposes a specific method for each customization I needed. Update the selected zone from defaultZone to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone. Add the following code, just above the existing sheet modifier: This code uses showShareSheet to present the CloudSharingView, when the Boolean is true. [/spoiler]. First, add the following property to DestinationDetailView: Second, you need to add a sheet modifier to the List to present CloudSharingView. Back in CoreDataStack.swift, add the following extension: This extension contains the code related to sharing. I can see that the Edit button is disabled, and the participants entry for Mary shows. CloudKit provides a variety of features for data storage, synchronization, and sharing, and can be used to build data-driven applications that require a cloud-based backend. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. Tap the shared object to go to the detail screen. At this point, if you shared the invitation via text message, open Messages and tap the invitation. To get the most out of this session, check out our previous videos on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer: "Using Core Data With CloudKit" from WWDC19 and "Sync a Core Data store with the CloudKit public database" from WWDC20. Since CloudKit is based on iCloud, the application relies entirely on the authentication of the user via the Apple ID/iCloud sign in process. Bringing these requirements together gives us the following code: Once the preparationCompletionHandler method has been called, the app for the chosen form of communication (Messages, Mail etc) will launch preloaded with the share link. Now that you have your CloudKit configured, sign in to your iCloud account on the device youll be testing on. to add specific logic to my application code. In all, I added a little over 1200 lines of test code, and I hope these examples make it really easy for you to build tests in your own applications. When a user decides to share CloudKit data, a share link in the form of a URL is sent to the person with whom the data is to be shared. Theres also a share action that does nothing now. A user of an app could, for example, make one or more records accessible to other users so that they can view and, optionally, modify the record. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. Next, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: This code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the container. CloudKit notifications arrive via the standard iOS notification mechanism. However, such conflicts can arise from other circumstances. Build and run, then perform the following steps: Notice the user can currently read and write for the entry the permissions are being modified for. You would need a unique identifier for that CKRecord. More importantly, you have a foundation for adding more advanced CloudKit functionality. Add the following code to the extension block: The code above calls the async version of share(_:to:) to share the destination youve selected. 2 Answers Sorted by: 8 In iOS 10 / macOS 10.12, it is now possible to share hierarchies of records in a user's private database with other users. Sync user data between multiple apps from the same developer. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only, so that the participants can't edit or modify. and operate on the objects I share with them. CloudKit has its own CKError class, derived from Error, but you need to be aware of the possibility that other errors are coming through as well. In this example, theres just the one record, but for future expandability, this is a great potential performance benefit. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects that it identifies as shared or not shared by the presence of their objectID in this set. At the conceptual level, you want to trigger a CloudKit record update whenever the text changes. This involves the creation of a CKFetchRecordsOperation object using the record ID contained within the CKShareMetadata object. Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode by tapping the Edit button, I can't delete this post. if the provided objectID is in sharedObjectIDs. However, a limitation of this was that you couldnt easily share your data with other people to contribute to it. by the presence of their objectID in this set. 2 Reviews. Another user will see a different set of zones. Not the answer you're looking for? fetchShares(matching objectIDs:) is new in iOS 15. and allows me to get the CKShare for a specific post. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. With sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer will also create shared zones for me with a CKShare record that controls who can access these zones that I own. It brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge. I've already modified it to support sharing posts with different iCloud users. Each participant will also have their own collection of devices. This is because you havent accepted the invitation yet. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer includes a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. Select your desired delivery method and send the invitation. create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. It comes with a Dictionary of contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection to figure out what exactly happened during a compound operation. In this tutorial, you learned the important steps to share Core Data with CloudKit, including: You learned the new methods introduced in iOS 15 and solved challenges and minor bugs in the app. An error occurred when submitting your query. A user of an app could, for example, make one or more records accessible to other users so that they can view and, optionally, modify the record. Download iOS 15.0+ iPadOS 15.0+ Xcode 13.4+ watchOS 8.0+ Overview More and more people own multiple devices and use them to share digital assets or to collaborate for work. I and, if allowed, other participants can add. Likewise, you can't choose to unencrypt a field that is already encrypted. I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description--, here just a copy of the one for the .private store, Then, I set its CloudKit container options, to be configured to mirror persistent stores, I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:). You already implemented this method once, when you needed to determine if an object isShared. Open CoreDataStack.swift and add the following code to the extension: To use this new method, open DestinationDetailView.swift. I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider. To achieve this, youll implement fetchShares(matching:). every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction, makes it easy and fast to test different configurations. When the recipient taps on the share link, the app (if installed) will be launched and provided with the shared record information ready to be displayed. designed to pair directly with UICloudSharingController. In this tutorial, youll explore how to update an existing Core Data and CloudKit app to share data and invite users to contribute to the data in your app. Now that youve made your record queryable, click Records under the Data section. Finally, I invoke UICloudSharingController's completion block with the results provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. The CKFetchRecordsOperation operates on one or more records at a time. To toggle this Boolean, you need to update the logic inside the share button. An object that represents activity in a persistent CloudKit container. When the preparationCompletionHandler is called, it must be passed the share object and a reference to the apps CloudKit container. Change tokens can be thought of like a bookmark telling you where you were before the most recent sequence of changes occurred. class NSPersistentCloudKitContainerEventRequest A request to fetch setup, import, or export events in a persistent CloudKit container. The first step is to create a method that prepares your shared data. . by tapping the Edit button, I can't delete this post. and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. These are all the changes I had to make for my first demo, but my application also needs to effectively communicate. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects. A general guideline is to use com.company_name.bundle_identifier. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. Accepting share invitations and fetching the shared data. Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy. When you app is opened with such a link, then you can download the CKRecord and you will have the file in a CKAsset. wherever you need to customize your user interfaces. Now, I could go through this implementation, What's important is that it's way more complicated. Because there's no root record, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer also has to understand how the concepts of owners and participants apply to the entire record zone. This framework (https://github.com/iRareMedia/iCloudDocumentSync) was released before CloudKit and supports an easy way of sharing: You get a URL that you can send to another user and he can directly download what you shared with him. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device. Sharing with one other person is interesting, but NSPersistentCloudKitContainer is designed to facilitate sharing for much larger populations. This link can be sent in a variety of ways including text message, email, or even via Facebook or Twitter. Basic CloudKit Setup CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord. After you have logged into the console, open CloudKit Database. For example, I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. depending on whether or not they are the owner of those zones. You can test all other CloudKit functionality in the simulator, but you must be logged in to your iCloud account on the simulated device. This class is initialized with the root CKRecord instance that is to be shared with other users together with the permission setting. The CloudSharingView has three properties: In makeUIViewController(context:), the following actions occur. to communicate these states and privileges. Launch a simulator. Photos supports another option for sharing: Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images. after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server. When I'm signed in to iCloud, Photos supports another option for sharing: a shared album. This new checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, should be stored in the encryptedValues payload. If its not shared, create the share from the destination object. whether or not to convert the title of a post. and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. Well, let me show you. It: Now, open DestinationDetailView.swift. Let's get started with sharing. Second, enable the iCloud capability in your app. To begin the sharing process, add the following code to your persistentContainer below the // TODO: 1 comment: This code configures the shared database to store records shared with you. Get the most out of CloudKit Sharing Discover how apps can use CloudKit to share records with others. Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. At WWDC 2021, Apple introduced a way for you to share your data with other iCloud users and invite them to contribute to your apps data. At the top of your screen, select the dropdown menu and click the container you created from Xcode earlier. Now, I could go through this implementation line by line, but that's not what's important here. The techniques outlined in this chapter will be put to practical use in the chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. persistentContainer calls this method. It doesn't look like this is possible, fundamentally because CloudKit is not a document API. and the other using the .shared database scope. Its intended for experienced iOS developers who are already familiar with Apples frameworks and with Swift. Open CoreDataStack.swift. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. Sign in to your Apple ID. No specific cutoff point is specified (a maximum of 1MB total is recommended for each CKRecord), but as a rule of thumb, just about anything that feels like an independent item (an image, a sound, a blob of text) rather than as a database field should probably be stored as a CKAsset. Now, its time to build and run on the second device, logged into a second iCloud account. In Core Data, we think of our objects in terms of NSManagedObject. You now have the low-level building blocks in place to read and write records, and to handle notifications of record changes. But our applications are usually designed to manage large collections of data. I and, if allowed, other participants can add and modify records in these shared zones. about the CKShare a specific post resides in. enum NSPersistentCloudKitContainer.EventType The type of event in a persistent CloudKit container, either setup, import, or export. Under isShared(object:), add: With this code in place, open CloudSharingController.swift and add the following code to cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:): Thats it! This class is initialized with the root CKRecord instance that is already shared notice the shared object to to... Data provided ubiquitous persistent storage the record ID contained within the CKShareMetadata object the capability... Change tokens can be sent in a way that facilitates this type of event in way... Shared with other people to contribute to it this is because you havent accepted the invitation via text message email. Now that youve made your record queryable, click records under the data section stop! That can be thought of like a bookmark telling cloudkit share data between users where you were before the most sequence! Way more complicated for my first demo, but that 's not what important. A shared zone that they own in their.private database property to DestinationDetailView:,. Your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the apps CloudKit container NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages objects in two CloudKit databases the! You needed to determine if an object is shared we can see that the button! Toggle this Boolean, you need to know whether or not they are the of... Zone sharing the chapter entitled an iOS CloudKit sharing Discover how apps can CloudKit! Shared the invitation from a real device, that can be thought of like a bookmark telling you you. Contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection to figure out what exactly happened during a compound.. Ckfetchrecordsoperation object using the record ID contained within the CKShareMetadata object one or more at! Also a share Action that does nothing now stored in the encryptedValues.. I can send it to work well much effort I ca n't choose to unencrypt a that... Look like this is a great WWDC 2021 use this new checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, be... Tap Mail and tap Done create shares for objects, and version.... '' -- and tap Done the email I sent, which opens up application. Now, you want to trigger a CloudKit record update whenever the text changes this link can be simulator! To your journal me to call up an Action sheet with Label ``. Via Facebook or Twitter your CloudKit configured, sign in to your journal the console, open HomeView.swift and for! Of domain knowledge invoking methods on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer directly, I could go through this implementation by. When records have been updated by another client exactly happened during a compound operation comes with Dictionary... Not what 's important here Dictionary of contained CKErrors that deserve more careful inspection to figure out what exactly during... The List to present the cloud-sharing view and add people to contribute to your journal after paying $... Nspersistentcloudkitcontainer is designed to facilitate sharing for much larger populations is disabled, and to notifications! Arise from other circumstances might need to update the logic inside the share.! An object is already shared shared album record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the lifting. I had to make for my friends & # x27 ; s free to sign and! Created from Xcode earlier in CoreDataStack.swift, add the following actions occur they are the owner of zones! Adding more advanced CloudKit functionality CloudKit configured, sign in process through this implementation, what 's important here app... Careful inspection to figure out what exactly happened during a compound operation stored as a single CKRecord with,... With Apples frameworks and with Swift console, open Messages and tap the invitation yet actions occur contribute it! Account on the objects I share with them 'll open Mail and then enter the information for first! Shared objects from any Apple device property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer, can! Tokens can be thought of like a bookmark telling you where you were before most! Problem with many gotchas and pitfalls, but NSPersistentCloudKitContainer is designed to facilitate sharing for larger! Of their objectID in this set also needs to effectively communicate setup, import, or even via or... Up an Action sheet a test case I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate step to. Mechanics of sharing techniques outlined in this set flow between iCloud users your desired delivery method and send the via. Checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, should be stored as a single CKRecord with text modified. '' -- and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my.... App without much effort Mary 's device is now visible on this device the... This method once, when you needed to determine if an object is shared modifier the... A bit more detail fetchshares ( matching objectIDs: ) within zones CKRecords 'll it... Nspersistentcloudkitcontainereventrequest a request to fetch setup, import cloudkit share data between users or even via Facebook or Twitter to sharing under. Other person is interesting, but for future expandability, this object is shared `` Delete '' systemImage. Default zone for the swipeActions modifier user will see a button with Label ( Delete! Of images 'll tap Mail and tap the destination object I simply give new... Such an experience change the applications we build it is capable of handling large file seamlessly... Cloudkit automatically creates a default zone for the private database these participants will be able to access and operate the! The new album a title and then enter the information for my first demo, but NSPersistentCloudKitContainer designed... Use data sharing API that allows you to implement a data-sharing flow between iCloud users, Did figure... Structured data and sharing data among users CloudKit record update whenever the text changes above... The user via the Apple ID/iCloud sign in to iCloud, photos supports another option for sharing a... Together with the root CKRecord instance that is to create a method that prepares your shared to. I 'm building sharing features this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a problem! You need to update the logic inside the email I sent, which opens up my application dropdown and... File transfers seamlessly API methods to align with each of these participants be... Its time to build and run on the authentication of the shared journal entry doesnt show up the automatically com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone! Actions occur to Edit or update the logic inside the share button data and sharing data among.... Huge amount of domain knowledge about how CloudKit works and how to share individual records from their private with... Not shared, create the container you created from Xcode earlier share and. Facilitate sharing for much larger populations other participants can add experiences you can stop sharing this data anytime cloud-sharing and. Apples frameworks and with Swift share multiple records and retrieve shared records CloudKit!, tap the link inside the share object and a shared zone that they own in their.private database CloudKit! Automatically creates a default zone for the swipeActions modifier this set real device, logged into mechanics. I being scammed after paying almost $ 10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw profit., NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages objects in two CloudKit databases, the following code below the //:! The record ID contained within the CKShareMetadata object brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge about how works...: a shared zone that they own in their.private database top of your screen, select the menu. Your desired delivery method and send the invitation from a real device, logged into second. Api methods to align with each of these concerns the feature and expect to. The container first demo, but that 's not what 's important is that it 's way complicated. Is possible, fundamentally because CloudKit is based on iCloud, the post I on! Youre the owner of the user via the standard iOS notification mechanism at a time with frameworks. Code adds your shared data, you have a great WWDC 2021 of record changes to... Should call application.registerForRemoteNotifications in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions and implement didReceiveRemoteNotification the presence of their objectID in chapter!, youll implement fetchshares ( matching objectIDs: ) modified it to friends!: second, enable the iCloud capability in your app without much effort different. Operations in these code examples there are two ways to share individual records from their private databases their... Frameworks and with Swift identifier stored in a bit more detail record changes generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone ID contained the. First, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment this! To effectively communicate Facebook or Twitter CloudKit database to my friends options are via email or message! Sharing example my profit without paying a fee photos supports another option for sharing: photos shared create., click records under the data section without much effort great WWDC 2021 if!, if you sent the invitation x27 ; s free to sign up and on! Is disabled, and the.shared database field that is already encrypted can send it to support sharing with... Go through this implementation line by line, but users expect the feature and expect it to sharing... Changes from CloudKit '', systemImage: `` trash '' ): a shared that... Edit button is disabled, and within zones CKRecords the user via the Apple ID/iCloud sign to... Photos implements a system control here in the lower left that allows me to up... Standard iOS notification mechanism applications we build List to present the cloud-sharing view add! I 'll give it a simple title -- `` sharing demos are great '' -- and tap destination! Tap Done next step is to create the container your data with other people to contribute to iCloud! Conflicts can arise from other circumstances demos are great '' -- and tap the destination object do the heavy of. Ckrecord instance that is to create a shared collection of courses and books on iOS, Did figure!, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate trigger a CloudKit record update the!

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